{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T09:33:45Z","timestamp":1784626425336,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]],"date-time":"2023-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Mexico (CONACYT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018-000009-01EXTF-00207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-000009-01EXTF-00207"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent research indicates that information and communication technologies (ICTs) can support social participation in the planning, design and maintenance of public spaces (PDMPS), specifically to create comprehensive knowledge among different stakeholders. However, critics point out that the use of ICTs by planners and decision-makers often ignores the needs of local residents. For this research, we inquired how ICTs can support social participation in PDMPS. Our case study combines a literature review and 21 semi-structured interviews with government officials, non-governmental organisations, academics and architecture\/urban planning consultancy companies in Mexico to understand how different stakeholders use ICTs to improve the quality of public spaces. We developed an approach that facilitates the analysis of ICT aspects related to hardware and software supporting social participation in PDMPS. The findings show that Mexico has a base of digital tools requiring technical capacities and spatial literacy at various stages of PDMPS, and ICTs are seen as an opportunity to engage with residents. However, in practice, our interviewees mentioned that ICTs are rarely implemented to support participatory processes due to high costs, a lack of political support and the insufficient technical expertise of technical staff to engage with residents using ICTs. The paper closes with recommendations and suggestions for future research on how ICTs can better support participatory processes in PDMPS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi12060237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T01:34:32Z","timestamp":1686188072000},"page":"237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The Use of ICTs to Support Social Participation in the Planning, Design and Maintenance of Public Spaces in Latin America"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1435-0058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Alvarado Vazquez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, 7514 AE Enschede, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7560-7163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Mafalda","family":"Madureira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, 7514 AE Enschede, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9317-8291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank O.","family":"Ostermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, 7514 AE Enschede, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Pfeffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, 7514 AE Enschede, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Mariana, E. (2022, August 12). Dise\u00f1o Participativo Urbano Ambiental En El Fin Del Mundo: Ushuaia. Available online: http:\/\/www.habitatinclusivo.com.ar\/revista\/diseno-participativo-urbano-ambiental-en-el-fin-del-mundo-ushuaia\/."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2018.02.010","article-title":"Towards a Framework of Public Space Governance","volume":"78","author":"Zamanifard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.habitatint.2012.09.003","article-title":"The Significance and Meanings of Public Space Improvement in Low-Income Neighbourhoods \u2018Colonias Populares\u2019 in Xalapa-Mexico","volume":"38","year":"2013","journal-title":"Habitat Int."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Alvarado Vazquez, S., Madureira, M., Ostermann, F., and Pfeffer, K. (2023). Challenges of Public Space Management in Mexico. Zenodo."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2018.09.003","article-title":"Participation through Place-Based e-Tools: A Valuable Resource for Urban Green Infrastructure Governance?","volume":"40","author":"Olafsson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Urban For. Urban Green."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/10630732.2012.626698","article-title":"Community Informatics and the New Urbanism: Incorporating Information and Communication Technologies into Planning Integrated Urban Communities","volume":"19","author":"Shin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Urban Technol."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Pfeffer, K., Martinez, J., O\u2019Sullivan, D., and Scott, D. (2015). Geographies of Urban Governance: Advanced Theories, Methods and Practices, Springer International Publishing."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smaniotto Costa, C., \u0160uklje Erjavec, I., Kenna, T., de Lange, M., Ioannidis, K., Maksymiuk, G., and de Waal, M. (2019). CyberParks\u2014The Interface Between People, Places and Technology: New Approaches and Perspectives, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-13417-4"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"105","article-title":"Participatory Mapping and PGIS: Secerning Facts and Values, Representation and Representativity","volume":"10","author":"McCall","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. E-Plan. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giq.2017.05.001","article-title":"The Effects of Successful ICT-Based Smart City Services: From Citizens\u2019 Perspectives","volume":"34","author":"Yeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gov. Inf. Q."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1080\/13563475.2021.1979942","article-title":"A \u2018Planning Revolution\u2019 or an \u2018Attack on Planning\u2019 in England: Digitization, Digitalization, and Democratization","volume":"27","author":"Boland","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Plan. Stud."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Alvarado Vazquez, S., Madureira, M., Ostermann, F., and Pfeffer, K. (2023). Social Participation in Planning, Design, and Management of Public Spaces: The Case of Mexico. Zenodo."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1080\/13549830050009328","article-title":"Public Participation and Local Environmental Planning: The Collective Action Problem and the Potential of Social Capital","volume":"5","author":"Rydin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Local Environ."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2011.11.2032","article-title":"Public Participation for Sustainable Urban Planning in Case of Iran","volume":"21","author":"Mahdavinejad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Procedia Eng."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1080\/00330124.2017.1366788","article-title":"\u201cThese Maps Talk for Us:\u201d Participatory Action Mapping as Civic Engagement Practice","volume":"70","author":"Hankins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prof. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"217","article-title":"Citizen Participatory Design Method Using VR and a Blog as a Media in the Process","volume":"7","author":"Fukuda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Archit. Comput."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"100","article-title":"Exploring Issues of Immersive Virtual Landscapes for the Support of Participatory Spatial Planning Support","volume":"1","author":"Waltisberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Digit. Landsc. Archit."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1080\/13563475.2019.1626221","article-title":"Can Social Media Support Large Scale Public Participation in Urban Planning? The Case of the #MySydney Digital Engagement Campaign","volume":"25","author":"Williamson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Plan. Stud."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vassilakopoulou, P., and Hustad, E. (2021). Bridging Digital Divides: A Literature Review and Research Agenda for Information Systems Research. Inf. Syst. Front., 1\u201315.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-020-10096-3"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2011.03.003","article-title":"Public Participation GIS: A New Method for National Park Planning","volume":"102","author":"Brown","year":"2011","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1108\/BEPAM-01-2020-0007","article-title":"ICT as a Solution for the Revitalization of Public Open Space in Private Developments","volume":"11","author":"Jian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Built Environ. Proj. Asset Manag."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"15","article-title":"Delineating\u2019public\u2019and\u2019participation\u2019in Ppgis","volume":"16","author":"Schlossberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ed. Rev. Board"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoforum.2011.07.007","article-title":"Geo-Information Tools for Participatory Spatial Planning: Fulfilling the Criteria for \u201cgood\u201d Governance?","volume":"43","author":"Mccall","year":"2012","journal-title":"Geoforum"},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Edi\u00e7\u00f5es Universit\u00e1rias Lus\u00f3fonas (2021). C3Places Using ICT for Co-Creation of Inclusive Public Places, Edi\u00e7\u00f5es Universit\u00e1rias Lus\u00f3fonas."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1080\/12265934.2019.1604250","article-title":"Urban Design Empowerment through ICT-Based Platforms in Europe","volume":"24","author":"Demir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Urban Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1080\/07293682.2013.770771","article-title":"Integrating ICT into the Planning Process: Impacts, Opportunities and Challenges","volume":"51","author":"Houghton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aust. Plan."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.29092\/uacm.v11i24.242","article-title":"El Uso de Las TIC En La Nueva Gesti\u00f3n P\u00fablica Mexicana","volume":"11","year":"2014","journal-title":"Andamios"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Portal, M.A. (2016). Espacios P\u00fablicos Diferenciados En La Ciudad de M\u00e9xico: Una Mirada Desde El Lugar. Ponto Urbe, 18.","DOI":"10.4000\/pontourbe.3092"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"51","article-title":"El Rescate de Espacios P\u00fablicos En M\u00e9xico: Una Aproximaci\u00f3n a La Pol\u00edtica P\u00fablica de Prevenci\u00f3n Situacional Del Delito","volume":"61","author":"Jasso","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. Crim."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1177\/0739456X9701700201","article-title":"Utilizing Mixed-Method Research Designs in Planning: The Case of 14th Street, New York City","volume":"17","author":"Gaber","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Plan. Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carmona, M., Magalh\u00e3es, C., and Hammond, L. (2008). Public Space the Management Dimension, Routledge. [1st ed.].","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203927229"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jum.2022.08.005","article-title":"Defining the Ideal Public Space: A Perspective from the Publicness","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Urban Manag."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1080\/13574809.2013.854698","article-title":"Evaluating Public Space","volume":"19","author":"Mehta","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Urban Des."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-6210.2006.00667.x","article-title":"Varieties of participation in complex governance","volume":"66","author":"Fung","year":"2006","journal-title":"Public Adm. Rev."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1177\/2399808317712515","article-title":"Urban Planning, Public Participation and Digital Technology: App Development as a Method of Generating Citizen Involvement in Local Planning Processes","volume":"46","author":"Wilson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Plan. B Urban Anal. City Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1177\/23998083211009239","article-title":"Assessing Collaborative Planning and the Added Value of Planning Support Apps in The Netherlands","volume":"49","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Plan. B Urban Anal. City Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2019.07.039","article-title":"Literature Review as a Research Methodology: An Overview and Guidelines","volume":"104","author":"Snyder","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"(2023, March 17). Secretaria de Medio Ambiente de la Ciudad de Mexico Programa de Gest\u00edon Para Mejorar La Calidad Del Aire de La Zona Metropolitana Del Valle de Mexico. Available online: http:\/\/www.aire.cdmx.gob.mx\/descargas\/publicaciones\/flippingbook\/proaire2021-2030\/."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"(2023, March 24). Gobierno Municipal de Puebla Avanza Implan Con la Construcci\u00f3n del Programa Municipal de Desarrollo Urbano. Available online: https:\/\/pueblacapital.gob.mx\/noticias\/comunicados-de-prensa\/item\/17162-avanza-implan-con-la-construccion-del-programa-municipal-de-desarrollo-urbano."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2010.03.001","article-title":"Promoting Public Space Governance in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","volume":"27","author":"Mandeli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gehl, J., and Svarre, B. (2013). How To Study Public Life, Island Press\/Center for Resource Economics.","DOI":"10.5822\/978-1-61091-525-0"},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"(2020, May 19). United Cities and Local Governments UCLG Public Space Policy Framework by and for Local Governments. Available online: https:\/\/www.uclg.org\/sites\/default\/files\/public_space_policy_framework.pdf."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Borja, J. (2011). Espacio P\u00fablico Y Derecho a La Ciudad, Viento Sur."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1068\/b260879","article-title":"Why Are the Design and Development of Public Spaces Significant for Cities?","volume":"26","author":"Madanipour","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ. Plan. B Plan. Des."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.30972\/crn.88965","article-title":"Grandes Proyectos Urbanos Latinoamericanos. Aportes Para Su Conceptualizaci\u00f3n y Gesti\u00f3n Desde La Perspectiva Del Gobierno Local Cuaderno Urbano","volume":"8","author":"Cuenya","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cuad. Urbano Espac. Cult. Soc."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"187","article-title":"Espacio P\u00fablico y Participaci\u00f3n Ciudadana El Caso Del Programa Comunitario de Mejoramiento Barrial de La Ciudad de M\u00e9xico","volume":"21","author":"Ziccardi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gesti\u00f3n Y Pol\u00edtica P\u00fablica"},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"153","article-title":"Beyond Defining the Smart City: Meeting Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approaches in the Middle","volume":"7","author":"Breuer","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. L. Use Mobil. Environ."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Alvarado Vazquez, S. (2017). M\u00e9todo Para La Participaci\u00f3n Ciudadana En El Dise\u00f1o de Espacios P\u00fablicos. Caso de Estudio: Huentit\u00e1n El Bajo, University of Guadalajara."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"7","article-title":"Espacio Publico, Espacio de Todos? Reflexiones Desde La Ciudad de Mexico","volume":"77","author":"Kuri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Mex. Sociol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jum.2021.10.002","article-title":"The Perception of Public Spaces in Mexico City, a Governance Approach","volume":"11","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Urban Manag."},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"(2021, September 08). Diario Oficial de la Federacion Ley General de Asentamientos Humanos, Ordenamiento Territorial y Desarrollo Urbano. Available online: http:\/\/www.senado.gob.mx\/comisiones\/desarrollo_social\/docs\/marco\/Ley_GAH.pdf."},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"(2020, January 09). Gobierno del Estado de Puebla Plan Municipal de Desarrollo 2018-2021 Del Municipio de Puebla. Available online: http:\/\/www.puebla.gob.mx\/index.php\/gobierno\/gobernador."},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Mexico, G. (2020, June 05). de la Ciudad de Autoridad del Espacio P\u00fablico. Available online: https:\/\/aep.cdmx.gob.mx\/."},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"G\u00fclg\u00f6nen, T. (2016). Jugar La Ciudad: Reimaginar Los Espacios P\u00fablicos Urbanos de Juego Para La Infancia En La Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, Laboratorio para la Ciudad. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"(2022, November 18). Instituto Municipal de Planeacion Programa de Espacio P\u00fablico Para El Municipio de Puebla. Available online: https:\/\/implan.pueblacapital.gob.mx\/images\/pdf\/pep2021.pdf."},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"Torres Robles, E.L., and Lira Benitez, J.L. (2017). Manual de Planeaci\u00f3n Participativa Con Enfoque de \u00c1reas Naturales Protegidas, Comisi\u00f3n Nacional de \u00c1reas Naturales Protegidas. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2192-0567-4-7","article-title":"Development of Methods and Practices of Virtual Reality as a Tool for Participatory Urban Planning: A Case Study of Vilnius City as an Example for Improving Environmental, Social and Energy Sustainability","volume":"4","author":"Stauskis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Energy. Sustain. Soc."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huong, N.L. (2021). AUC 2019. Advances in 21st Century Human Settlements, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-5608-1"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sim, J., Miller, P., and Swarup, S. (2020). Tweeting the High Line Life: A Social Media Lens on Urban Green Spaces. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12218895"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szarek-Iwaniuk, P., and Senetra, A. (2020). Access to ICT in Poland and the Co-Creation of Urban Space in the Process of Modern Social Participation in a Smart City-a Case Study. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12052136"},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"Osaba, E., Pierdicca, R., Duarte, T., Bahillo, A., and Mateus, D. (2019). Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer Verlag."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Canedoli, C., Bullock, C., Collier, M.J., Joyce, D., and Padoa-Schioppa, E. (2017). Public Participatory Mapping of Cultural Ecosystem Services: Citizen Perception and Park Management in the Parco Nord of Milan (Italy). Sustainability, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/su9060891"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giq.2016.09.002","article-title":"Information and Communication Technologies and Public Participation: Interactive Maps and Value Added for Citizens","volume":"34","author":"Gagliardi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gov. Inf. Q."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2018.05.018","article-title":"An Evaluation of Participatory Mapping Methods to Assess Urban Park Benefits","volume":"178","author":"Brown","year":"2018","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"219","article-title":"Piattaforme Collaborative per Progetti Di Innovazione Sociale. Il Caso Miramap a Torino","volume":"14","author":"Coscia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Techne"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Villegas, E., Fonseca, D., Pe\u00f1a, E., Bonet, P., and Fern\u00e1ndez-Guinea, S. (2021). Qualitative Assessment of Effective Gamification Design Processes Using Motivators to Identify Game Mechanics. Sensors, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/s21072556"},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"380","article-title":"Smart city in urban design","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Sustain. Build. Technol. Urban Dev."},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"218","article-title":"Unstable Wormholes: Communications Between Urban Planning and Game Studies","volume":"7","author":"Shakeri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Urban Plan."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Andrade, B., Poplin, A., and de Sena, \u00cd.S. (2020). Minecraft as a Tool for Engaging Children in Urban Planning: A Case Study in Tirol Town, Brazil. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi9030170"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2017.08.018","article-title":"Citizen Design Science: A Strategy for Crowd-Creative Urban Design","volume":"72","author":"Mueller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2018.01.007","article-title":"Geolocated Social Media as a Rapid Indicator of Park Visitation and Equitable Park Access","volume":"72","author":"Hamstead","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Environ. Urban Syst."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bratu\u0161kins, U., Zaleckis, K., Treija, S., Koro\u013cova, A., and Kami\u010daityt\u0117, J. (2020). Digital Information Tools for Urban Regeneration: Capital\u2019s Approach in Theory and Practice. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12198082"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.destud.2007.02.003","article-title":"Information Technology as a Tool for Public Participation in Urban Planning: A Review of Experiments and Potentials","volume":"28","author":"Hanzl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Des. Stud."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/13658810310001596094","article-title":"Developing a Conceptual Framework for Visually-Enabled Geocollaboration","volume":"18","author":"Maceachren","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1080\/2373566X.2016.1238721","article-title":"Sensing Space: Augmenting Scientific Data with Spatial Ethnography","volume":"2","author":"Kawano","year":"2016","journal-title":"GeoHumanities"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2194-0827-1-2","article-title":"Open Source\u2014Acessibility and Limitations","volume":"1","author":"Heron","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Interact. Sci."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1177\/0020852317735164","article-title":"Technological Capacity in the Public Sector: The Case of Estonia","volume":"84","author":"Lember","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Adm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2011.07.022","article-title":"Spatial Literacy and the Postgraduate GIS Curriculum","volume":"21","author":"Jarvis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Procedia-Soc. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_79","unstructured":"(2023, March 02). IMPLAN Sistema de Informaci\u00f3n Geogr\u00e1fica Municipal de Puebla. Available online: http:\/\/sigemp.implanpuebla.gob.mx\/?v=bGF0OjE5LjA0MjA1LGxvbjotOTguMTUwNDIsejo3LGw6YzEwMDB8dGMxMDAzfHRjMTA0NHx0YzEwNjJ8dGMxMDYz."},{"key":"ref_80","unstructured":"(2023, March 02). Barriopolis Participatory Workshop to Develop the Local Development Plan for the Tepito Neighbourhood. Available online: https:\/\/m.facebook.com\/barriopolis.mx\/photos\/pb.100064618182620.-2207520000.\/2011126388908364\/?type=3&source=42&paipv=0&eav=AfbD8a2VJK4TfkM3A6mJtx4sJvC778XJu6qB3Ik-rhDXJWs-bgRln62WkJDclnZGexo."},{"key":"ref_81","unstructured":"Cudaep, A.C., and Invitation Poster for a Participatory Workshop in a Park by the BUAP and Cudaep A.C (2022, November 25). in Puebla City. Available online: https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Urbanistas.Puebla\/photos\/3412281699005621."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2017.11.020","article-title":"More than A to B: Understanding and Managing Visitor Spatial Behaviour in Urban Forests Using Public Participation GIS","volume":"207","author":"Korpilo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agust\u00edn-Hern\u00e1ndez, L., Vallesp\u00edn Muniesa, A., and Fern\u00e1ndez-Morales, A. (2020). \u201cGamification\u201d for Teaching Collaborative Urban Design and Citizen Participation BT\u2013Graphical Heritage, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-47979-4"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.18280\/ijsdp.160103","article-title":"Utilising Urban Gamification for Sustainable Crime Prevention in Public Spaces: A Citizen Participation Model for Designing against Vandalism","volume":"16","author":"Mohammed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Sustain. Dev. Plan."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.17645\/up.v5i2.3279","article-title":"Visual Communication in Urban Design and Planning: The Impact of Mediatisation(s) on the Construction of Urban Futures","volume":"5","author":"Christmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Urban Plan."},{"key":"ref_86","unstructured":"Smaniotto Costa, C., \u0160uklje Erjavec, I., Kenna, T., de Lange, M., Ioannidis, K., Maksymiuk, G., and de Waal, M. (2019). Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer International Publishing."},{"key":"ref_87","first-page":"168","article-title":"Diez A\u00f1os de Pol\u00edticas de Espacio P\u00fablico: La Construcci\u00f3n de Nuevas Desigualdades En La Ciudad de M\u00e9xico","volume":"9","author":"Delgadillo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Quid16"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tena-Espinoza-De-Los-Monteros, M.A. (2016, January 2\u20134). Civic Innovation as a Response to Social Problems. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality, Salamanca, Spain.","DOI":"10.1145\/3012430.3012555"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2012.687393","article-title":"Participatory Spatial Knowledge Management Tools: Empowerment and Upscaling or Exclusion?","volume":"16","author":"Pfeffer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inf. Commun. Soc."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McShane, I., and Middha, B. (2021). Expectations and Realities of Digital Public Spaces: A Case Study of Digital Community Engagement in Melbourne, Australia. Artic.-Rev. Sci. Hum., 22.","DOI":"10.4000\/articulo.4769"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1177\/1078087416651936","article-title":"Co-Initiation of Collaborative Innovation in Urban Spaces","volume":"54","author":"Torfing","year":"2018","journal-title":"Urban Aff. Rev."},{"key":"ref_92","unstructured":"(2021, June 16). Gaceta Oficial de la Ciudad de Mexico Jefatura de Gobierno Acuerdo Por El Que Se Extingue El \u00d3rgano Desconcentrado, Denominado Autoridad Del Espacio P\u00fablico, Adscrito a La Secretar\u00eda de Desarrollo Urbano y Vivienda. Available online: https:\/\/www.seduvi.cdmx.gob.mx\/storage\/app\/uploads\/public\/5c3\/8e3\/81a\/5c38e381a4174212782221.pdf."},{"key":"ref_93","unstructured":"Marrades, R. (2023, February 27). Aprendizajes Desde Ciudad de M\u00e9xico y Su Laboratorio Para La Ciudad. Available online: https:\/\/valenciaplaza.com\/como-escribir-y-abrir-una-nueva-constitucion-urbana."}],"container-title":["ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2220-9964\/12\/6\/237\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:50:08Z","timestamp":1760125808000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2220-9964\/12\/6\/237"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["ijgi12060237"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijgi12060237","relation":{},"ISSN":["2220-9964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2220-9964","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]]}}}