{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T17:56:27Z","timestamp":1769018187007,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42130112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42130112"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The cyberspace map, as one of the important tools for describing cyberspace, provides a visual representation of the dynamic and elusive nature of cyberspace. It has become a research hotspot in multiple disciplinary fields. Compared with traditional maps, cyberspace maps lack the guidance of cartography theory and have not yet formed a unified understanding. Clarifying the concept of the cyberspace map and developing a conceptual model of it could enhance people\u2019s unified understanding of cyberspace. Drawing from the perspective of cartography, this paper analyzes the current situation of cyberspace map research, first discussing the characteristics and definition of the cyberspace map and then proposing the conceptual model of a cyberspace map. This model elaborates on the types of map elements and their specific composition, the strength of their element\u2013space association, the mapping of relationships between elements, element symbolization, and map expression. Then, based on the model proposed in this paper, typical maps are compared and analyzed, and design suggestions are provided. Finally, the entire article is summarized. This paper aims to adapt the development trend of cartography to the ternary space, clarify the basic concept of the cyberspace map, promote the development of cyberspace mapping theory, and lay the foundation for future research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi12090353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T03:45:42Z","timestamp":1693194342000},"page":"353","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Research on the Cyberspace Map and Its Conceptual Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Lan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geospatial Information, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450052, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}]},{"given":"Guangxia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geospatial Information, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450052, China"},{"name":"The College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}]},{"given":"Xiong","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geospatial Information, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450052, China"}]},{"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}]},{"given":"Jiangpeng","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geospatial Information, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450052, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4205-9812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingzhan","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geospatial Information, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450052, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Understanding the geocyberspace: A major task for geographers and planners in the next decade","volume":"15","author":"Bakis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Netw. 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