{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T19:30:04Z","timestamp":1768591804749,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,8]],"date-time":"2023-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41201100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41201100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019J01406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019J01406"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KH220018A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KH220018A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003392","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41201100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41201100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003392","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019J01406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019J01406"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003392","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KH220018A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KH220018A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Research and Development Project of Transportation and Construction Bureau in Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Zone","award":["41201100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41201100"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Research and Development Project of Transportation and Construction Bureau in Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Zone","award":["2019J01406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019J01406"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Research and Development Project of Transportation and Construction Bureau in Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Zone","award":["KH220018A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KH220018A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The phenomenon of polarized development among regional cities has sparked extensive contemplation and indicated a need for research on multi-source regional networks. However, such research faces two obstacles: the absence of quantitative measurement of differences in network structures and the lack of a thorough examination of the degree of city clustering and the dynamics of community composition in hierarchical networks. Thus, we identified 16 cities in the Chengdu\u2013Chongqing Economic Circle (CCEC) as the spatial units to examine the spatial network structures of population, resources, and transportation and the integrated spatial network structure. Using social network analysis, this paper describes the structural characteristics of the three networks (population, resource, and transportation), followed by an analysis of their collective and hierarchical network clustering characteristics, and explores the driving mechanisms and factors that make up each network model. Our results show the following: (1) All three networks exhibit an \u201ceast dense, west sparse\u201d characteristic, but there are differences in the layouts of the core cities in terms of the three networks. (2) The clustering characteristics of the hierarchical networks are more pronounced than those of the overall network. The results of the analysis combined with the network formation mechanisms can help effectively plan the future coordinated development of the CCEC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi12100411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T04:52:36Z","timestamp":1696827156000},"page":"411","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Spatial Structure and Driving Mechanisms of Multi-Source Networks in the Chengdu\u2013Chongqing Economic Circle of China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ludan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5359-3581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xueman","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziyi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zibao","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transportation and Construction Bureau in Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Zone, Pingtan 350400, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xisheng","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2017.02.014","article-title":"Urban agglomeration: An evolving concept of an emerging phenomenon","volume":"162","author":"Fang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Landsc. 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