{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T20:06:08Z","timestamp":1771877168348,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC) is a promising metaheuristic algorithm for continuous optimization problems, but it performs poorly in solving discrete problems. To address this issue, this paper proposes a hybrid discrete artificial bee colony (HDABC) algorithm based on label similarity for the point-feature label placement (PFLP) problem. Firstly, to better adapt to PFLP, we have modified the update mechanism for employed bees and onlooker bees. Employed bees learn the label position of the better individuals, while onlooker bees perform dynamic probability searches using two neighborhood operators. Additionally, the onlooker bees\u2019 selection method selects the most promising solutions based on label similarity, which improves the algorithm\u2019s search capabilities. Finally, the Metropolis acceptance strategy is replaced by the original greedy acceptance strategy to avoid the premature convergence problem. Systematic experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the neighborhood solution generation method, the selection operation based on label similarity, and the Metropolis acceptance strategy in this paper. In addition, experimental comparisons were made at different instances and label densities. The experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper is better or more competitive with the compared algorithm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi12100429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T10:43:10Z","timestamp":1697539390000},"page":"429","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Hybrid Discrete Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm Based on Label Similarity for Solving Point-Feature Label Placement Problem"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2182-7819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geoscience and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geoscience and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhengzhou Zhonghe Jing Xuan Information Technology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siqi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geoscience and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geoscience and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhengzhou Zhonghe Jing Xuan Information Technology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2020.106581","article-title":"Population-based gradient descent weight learning for graph coloring problems","volume":"212","author":"Goudet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Knowl.-Based Syst."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1125","article-title":"Dynamic flexible job shop scheduling method based on improved gene expression programming","volume":"54","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Meas. 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