{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T23:09:27Z","timestamp":1781305767743,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42301528"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42301528"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023VGE01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023VGE01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education","award":["42301528"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42301528"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education","award":["2023VGE01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023VGE01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the rapid pace of urbanization, enhancing the quality of life has become an urgent demand for the general public in both developed and developing countries. This study addresses the pressing need to understand the spatial distribution and underlying mechanisms of urban leisure activity participation. To achieve this, we propose a novel methodological framework that integrates diverse big data sources, including mobile phone signaling data, urban geospatial data, and web-crawled data. By applying this framework to the urban area of Nanjing, our study reveals both the temporal and spatial patterns of urban leisure activity participation in the city. Notably, leisure activity participation is significantly higher on weekends, with distinctive daily peaks. Moreover, we identify spatial heterogeneity in leisure activity participation across the study area. Leveraging the OLS regression model, we design and quantify a comprehensive set of 12 internal and external indicators to explore the formation mechanisms of leisure participation for different leisure activity types. Our findings offer valuable guidance for urban planners and policymakers to optimize the allocation of resources, enhance urban street environments, and develop leisure resources in a rational and inclusive manner. Ultimately, this study contributes to the ongoing efforts to improve the quality of urban life and foster vibrant and sustainable cities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi12120499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T11:09:30Z","timestamp":1702379370000},"page":"499","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["What Drives the Spatial Heterogeneity of Urban Leisure Activity Participation? A Multisource Big Data-Based Metrics in Nanjing, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Shaojun","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"Key Lab of Virtual Geographic Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiawei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Virtual Geographic Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengji","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Virtual Geographic Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiyan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geographic Information and Tourism, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junlian","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Virtual Geographic Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-016-1336-z","article-title":"Spatial Interrelationships of Quality of Life with Land Use\/Land Cover, Demography and Urbanization","volume":"132","author":"Bhatti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soc. 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