{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T23:13:31Z","timestamp":1778886811559,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]],"date-time":"2023-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Philosophy and Social Science Foundation of China","award":["18ZDA048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18ZDA048"]}]},{"name":"National Philosophy and Social Science Foundation of China","award":["42230110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42230110"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["18ZDA048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18ZDA048"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42230110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42230110"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recognizing the spatial effects of regional poverty is essential for achieving sustainable poverty alleviation. This study investigates these spatial effects and their determinants across three distinct administrative levels within Hubei Province, China. To analyze the spatial patterns and heterogeneity of multi-scale regional poverty, we employed various spatial analysis techniques, including the global and local Moran\u2019s I statistics, the Lineman, Merenda, and Gold (LMG) method, as well as Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR). We found that: (1) Regional poverty exhibits significant spatial dependence across various scales, with a higher level of spatial dependence observed at higher administrative levels. (2) The spatial distribution of poverty is primarily influenced by geographical factors, encompassing first-, second-, and third-nature geographical elements. Notably, first-nature geographical factors make substantial contributions, accounting for 36.99%, 42.23%, and 23.79% at the county, township, and village levels, respectively. (3) The influence of geographical factors varies with scale. Global effects of various factors may transcend scales or remain confined to specific scales, while the local impacts of different factors also exhibit variations across scales. These results underscore the necessity for collaborative efforts among government entities at different levels with the anti-poverty measures tailored to local contexts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi12120501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]],"date-time":"2023-12-13T12:00:37Z","timestamp":1702468837000},"page":"501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The Spatial Effects of Regional Poverty: Spatial Dependence, Spatial Heterogeneity and Scale Effects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8596-636X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengxiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information Systems, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"College of Resources and Environment, University of Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urban Informatics, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haiguang","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e514","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30195-5","article-title":"The impact of social protection and poverty elimination on global tuberculosis incidence: A statistical modelling analysis of Sustainable Development Goal 1","volume":"6","author":"Carter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. 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