{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T20:15:18Z","timestamp":1781295318256,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]],"date-time":"2024-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42371454"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42371454"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42001340"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42001340"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["SKLGIE2021-M-4-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLGIE2021-M-4-1"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["121106000000180039-2207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["121106000000180039-2207"]}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering","award":["42371454"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42371454"]}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering","award":["42001340"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42001340"]}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering","award":["SKLGIE2021-M-4-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLGIE2021-M-4-1"]}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering","award":["121106000000180039-2207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["121106000000180039-2207"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Natural Resources High-level Science and Technology Innovation Talent Project Funding Program","award":["42371454"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42371454"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Natural Resources High-level Science and Technology Innovation Talent Project Funding Program","award":["42001340"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42001340"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Natural Resources High-level Science and Technology Innovation Talent Project Funding Program","award":["SKLGIE2021-M-4-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLGIE2021-M-4-1"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Natural Resources High-level Science and Technology Innovation Talent Project Funding Program","award":["121106000000180039-2207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["121106000000180039-2207"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The classification of urban functional areas is important for understanding the characteristics of urban areas and optimizing the utilization of urban land resources. Existing related methods have improved accuracy. However, they neglect cognitive differences amongst humans in the different scales of regional functions. Moreover, how to build the correlations of cross-scale characteristics is still unresolved when realizing the classification of multiscale urban functional zones. To resolve these problems, a transportation analysis zone involving urban buildings as research units is created and these units are described by geometric and functional characteristics using multiple data sources. Then, a hierarchical clustering model is built for the recognition of urban functional areas at varying scales with landmark semantic constraints. In the experiments, Shanghai served as the study area, and multiscale zones were created using different levels of road networks considering the constraint correlation of the significance between cross-scale maps. The experiential results show the proposed method has excellent performance and optimizes the functional zone classification at different scales. This study not only enriches the multiscale urban functional area-recognition methods but also can be used in other aspects, like cartographic generalization or spatial analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi13030095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]],"date-time":"2024-03-15T14:05:25Z","timestamp":1710511525000},"page":"95","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Multiscale Urban Functional Zone Recognition Based on Landmark Semantic Constraints"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3281-7950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuejing","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information System, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7421-4915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongyang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information System, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"},{"name":"School of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"},{"name":"Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, China Academy of Geological Sciences, Langfang 065000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information System, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2011.02.004","article-title":"An urban containment planning support system for Beijing","volume":"35","author":"Long","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comput. 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