{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T03:46:43Z","timestamp":1772596003774,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,25]],"date-time":"2024-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP22KJ0325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP22KJ0325"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP22H00764"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP22H00764"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP19H04120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP19H04120"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP23K11362"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23K11362"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP24K15631"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP24K15631"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study proposes a method for generating geofences driven by GPS trajectory data to realize scalable point-of-interest (POI) notifiers, encouraging walking tourists to discover new local spots. The case study revealed that manual geofence settings degrade the location relevance and user coverage\u2014key objectives of POI notifiers\u2014and hinder the scalability and reliability of services. The formalization presented computationally equips geofence designers with practical solutions through two implementations based on prior GPS trajectory logs: (1) a multiobjective genetic algorithm that suggests cost-effective geofences by providing trade-off visualizations and (2) a user coverage-penalized genetic algorithm that determines an optimal geofence based on the designers\u2019 expectations. The feasibility and stability of the proposed implementations were tested in areas with varying tourist flow patterns. A comparative survey among manual settings, settings incorporating a reliability simulation, and data-driven settings demonstrates significant performance improvements for geofence services.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi13060174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T05:14:02Z","timestamp":1716786842000},"page":"174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Data-Driven Geofencing Design for Point-of-Interest Notifiers Utilizing Genetic Algorithm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0216-8096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iori","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita University, Akita 010-8502, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3821-4277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masatoshi","family":"Arikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita University, Akita 010-8502, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7503-1301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita University, Akita 010-8502, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2370-7143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomihiro","family":"Utsumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita University, Akita 010-8502, Japan"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita University, Akita 010-8502, Japan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Garzon, S.R., and Deva, B. 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