{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T06:34:00Z","timestamp":1763706840899,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2022YQ36","2022KJ201","202209995003","JNSX2023065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022YQ36","2022KJ201","202209995003","JNSX2023065"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Youth Innovation Team Project of Higher School in Shandong Province","award":["ZR2022YQ36","2022KJ201","202209995003","JNSX2023065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022YQ36","2022KJ201","202209995003","JNSX2023065"]}]},{"name":"Program of China Scholarship Council","award":["ZR2022YQ36","2022KJ201","202209995003","JNSX2023065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022YQ36","2022KJ201","202209995003","JNSX2023065"]}]},{"name":"Jinan City and University Integration Development Project","award":["ZR2022YQ36","2022KJ201","202209995003","JNSX2023065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022YQ36","2022KJ201","202209995003","JNSX2023065"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Land cover and its changes over time are significant for better understanding the Earth\u2019s fundamental characteristics and processes, such as global climate change, hydrology, and the carbon cycle. A number of land cover-geoprocessing models have been proposed for land cover-data production with different spatial and temporal resolutions. With the massive growth in land cover data and the increasing demand for efficient model utilization, developing efficient and convenient land cover-geoprocessing models has become a formidable challenge. Although some model-migration methods have been proposed for handling the massive data, the intricacy of land cover-data and -heterogeneity models frequently prevent current strategies from directly meeting demand. In this paper, we propose the PAMC-LC-containerization approach to overcome the difficulties associated with moving existing land cover models in the open web environment. Based on the idea of model migration, we design a standardized model description and hierarchical encapsulation strategy for land cover models, and develop migration and deployment methods. Furthermore, we assess the viability and efficacy of the proposed approach by using coupled workflows for model migration and the introduction of visualization on the Mts-WH dataset and the Google dataset. The experimental results show that the PAMC-LC approach can simplify and streamline the model migration process, with important ramifications for increasing productivity, reusing models, and lowering additional data-transmission costs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi13060187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T05:58:00Z","timestamp":1717394280000},"page":"187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Simplifying Land Cover-Geoprocessing-Model Migration with a PAMC-LC Containerization Strategy in the Open Web Environment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Huaqiao","family":"Xing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Simulation in Spatial Design of Architecture and Urban-Rural, Department of Education of Shandong Province, Jinan 250101, China"},{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4575-5517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haihang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Simulation in Spatial Design of Architecture and Urban-Rural, Department of Education of Shandong Province, Jinan 250101, China"}]},{"given":"Denghai","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Simulation in Spatial Design of Architecture and Urban-Rural, Department of Education of Shandong Province, Jinan 250101, China"}]},{"given":"Dongyang","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3971-0512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huayi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"},{"name":"Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Wuhan 430079, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan 430079, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1111772","article-title":"Global Consequences of Land Use","volume":"309","author":"Foley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.es.23.110192.000351","article-title":"Human Population Growth and Global Land-Use\/Cover Change","volume":"23","author":"Meyer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Annu. 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