{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:22:09Z","timestamp":1783038129147,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP)","award":["2019QZKK0903-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0903-02"]}]},{"name":"Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP)","award":["2024EMST020202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024EMST020202"]}]},{"name":"Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP)","award":["ZDJ2024-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDJ2024-04"]}]},{"name":"Key Science and Technology Program Project of the Ministry of Emergency Management of China","award":["2019QZKK0903-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0903-02"]}]},{"name":"Key Science and Technology Program Project of the Ministry of Emergency Management of China","award":["2024EMST020202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024EMST020202"]}]},{"name":"Key Science and Technology Program Project of the Ministry of Emergency Management of China","award":["ZDJ2024-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDJ2024-04"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China","award":["2019QZKK0903-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0903-02"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China","award":["2024EMST020202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024EMST020202"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China","award":["ZDJ2024-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDJ2024-04"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The analysis of temporal and spatial variability in risk has garnered significant research attention, particularly regarding flash flood disasters in the context of warming and wetting conditions on the Qinghai\u2013Tibetan Plateau. Focusing on the Lhasa River basin, this study develops a framework that integrates geographic information systems and a combined subjective\u2013objective weighting approach to comprehensively assess flash flood risk despite limited observations. This paper investigates the distribution patterns of hazard, vulnerability, and the integrated risk of pluvial flash floods; demonstrates the reliability of the assessment results; and provides mitigation recommendations for disaster risk management at the county level. The results showed a trend in increasing flash flood risk in recent decades compared to the 1990s. Moreover, very-high- and high-risk areas were concentrated in downstream regions with frequent precipitation extremes and anthropogenic activity. From 1991 to 2020, the high to very high-risk areas gradually expanded from central Lhasa to neighbouring counties. This study contributes valuable insights into flash flood risk assessment cand mapping, which are crucial in terms of the protection of life and property in the plateau basin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi13110387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T09:57:36Z","timestamp":1730368656000},"page":"387","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Spatio-Temporal Variation in Pluvial Flash Flood Risk in the Lhasa River Basin, 1991\u20132020"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0700-2407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoran","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Flood Disaster Prevention and Control, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhonggen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongquan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Flood Disaster Prevention and Control, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayu","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pingping","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Engineering Consulting Company, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liaofeng","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"IPCC (2022). 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