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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) offer significant advantages over traditional satellite remote sensing, including flexible aerial surveying, diverse perspectives, and high-resolution imagery. This study centers on the Haihe River, South Canal, and North Canal in Tianjin China, employing UAVs to capture continuous panoramic image data. Through immersive virtual reality (VR) technology, visual evaluations of these panoramic images were obtained from a cohort of young participants. These evaluations encompassed assessments of scenic beauty, color richness, vitality, and historical sense. Subsequently, computer vision techniques were utilized to quantitatively analyze the proportions of various landscape elements (e.g., trees, grass, buildings) within the images. Clustering analysis of visual evaluation results and semantic segmentation outcomes from different study points facilitated the effective identification and grouping of river visual features. The findings reveal significant differences in scenic beauty, color richness, and vitality among the Haihe River, South Canal, and North Canal, whereas the South and North Canals exhibited a limited sense of history. Six landscape elements\u2014water bodies, buildings, trees, etc.\u2014comprised over 90% of the images, forming the primary visual characteristics of the three rivers. Nonetheless, the uneven spatial distribution of these elements resulted in notable variations in the visual features of the rivers. This study demonstrates that the visual feature analysis method based on UAV panoramic images can achieve a quantitative evaluation of multi-scene urban 3D landscapes, thereby providing a robust scientific foundation for the optimization of urban river environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi13110402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]],"date-time":"2024-11-07T12:12:13Z","timestamp":1730981533000},"page":"402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Unveiling Urban River Visual Features Through Immersive Virtual Reality: Analyzing Youth Perceptions with UAV Panoramic Imagery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yunlei","family":"Shou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Province Key Think Tank: Institute of Ecological Civilization, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China"},{"name":"College of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7124-7930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zexin","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Architecture and Art, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junjie","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Province Key Think Tank: Institute of Ecological Civilization, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China"},{"name":"College of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.133066","article-title":"Prediction of riverside greenway landscape aesthetic quality of urban canalized rivers using environmental modeling","volume":"367","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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