{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T05:37:34Z","timestamp":1781415454727,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bike-sharing (BS) systems provide a widely used and convenient feeder mode for connecting to public transportation (PT) and is seen as an effective solution to the first- and last-mile problem. Amidst the critical challenges posed by global climate change and rising temperatures, enhancing the resilience of the BS and PT integration is essential to ensure sustainable urban mobility and adapt to increasing climate variability, yet empirical studies in this area remain limited. This study analyzes BS-PT integration usage under extreme heats events, focusing on a Chinese mega city\u2019s bike-sharing system. By defining extreme heat using the heat index, a more accurate measure of heat perception is established. We carefully categorize heatwaves based on the duration and temperature context of extreme heat to account for their potential impact on the integration\u2019s response. Then, integrating multi-source big data and applying geographically weighted regression (GWR), we explore the spatial\u2013temporal variations in the response of BS-PT integration ridership during different temperatures, and further identify key factors that contribute to the response of BS-PT integrated travel. Results show that extreme heat significantly influences BS-PT integration, with users showing a greater willingness to shift towards more integrated uses under extreme heat during non-summer seasons, compared to solely using bike-sharing, to avoid outdoor heat exposure. The temporal heterogeneity of the integrated trips is highest during extreme heat in non-summer and lowest under continuous extreme-heat periods. GWR spatial regression reveals that land-use characteristics significantly affect BS-PT integration resilience, with notable spatial differences in the influence of various factors, such as office density and entropy. These findings enhance our understanding of how climate change affects public transportation, providing urban planners and policymakers with valuable insights for improving the adaptability of urban mobility systems to climate change.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi13120438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T04:13:03Z","timestamp":1733371983000},"page":"438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Riders Under the Heat: Exploring the Impact of Extreme Heat on the Integration of Bike-Sharing and Public Transportation in Shenzhen, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen International School of Design\/Future Design School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urban and Rural Planning, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urban and Rural Planning, School of Architecture and Design, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangyue","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen International School of Design\/Future Design School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"92","article-title":"Bikeshare: A review of recent literature","volume":"35","author":"Fishman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transp. 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