{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T14:11:25Z","timestamp":1780582285233,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation Youth Project","award":["ZR2022QD146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022QD146"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation Youth Project","award":["42301349"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42301349"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation Youth Project","award":["2023LY084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023LY084"]}]},{"name":"General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["ZR2022QD146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022QD146"]}]},{"name":"General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42301349"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42301349"]}]},{"name":"General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2023LY084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023LY084"]}]},{"name":"National Statistical Science Research Project","award":["ZR2022QD146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022QD146"]}]},{"name":"National Statistical Science Research Project","award":["42301349"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42301349"]}]},{"name":"National Statistical Science Research Project","award":["2023LY084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023LY084"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>New quality productivity in agriculture and rural areas serves as a critical foundation for addressing the development needs of the times, advancing the comprehensive revitalization of rural regions, and overcoming the urban\u2013rural dual structure. This paper studies the spatial changes and evolutionary trends of new quality productivity in agriculture and rural areas in 31 provinces of mainland China. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) At the provincial level, the development of China\u2019s new quality productivity exhibits a spatial gradient, with a decreasing trend from east to west. (2) At the national scale, while significant spatial autocorrelation exists in the new quality productivity of agriculture and rural areas, internal disparities are gradually narrowing. (3) The eastern region demonstrates significant advantages, the central region is making steady progress, the western region is rapidly catching up, and the northeastern region faces increasingly significant development pressures. This paper extends the research boundary of new quality productivity to the field of agriculture and rural areas, and we introduce a variety of spatial analysis methods to depict its distribution characteristics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi14030104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T02:48:37Z","timestamp":1740710917000},"page":"104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["New Quality Productivity of Agriculture and Rural Areas at the Provincial Scale in China: Indicator Construction and Spatiotemporal Evolution"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9844-4678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangyang","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250357, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahui","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250357, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donghui","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenlong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250357, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianhui","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geomatics, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou 325060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250357, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6298","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-49687-y","article-title":"Unequal exchange of labor in the world economy","volume":"15","author":"Hickel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"6132","article-title":"Study on the transformation of China\u2019s economic growth mode and growth sustainability","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Inf. Syst. Econ."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.strueco.2020.10.005","article-title":"Fran\u00e7ois Quesnay, Luigi Pasinetti and the historical contexts of economic theory","volume":"56","author":"Coffman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Struct. Change Econ. D."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1080\/10370196.2023.2243741","article-title":"Adam Smith on growth and economic development","volume":"86","author":"Matthew","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hist. Econ. Rev."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Sun, D.C. (1982). Ricardo and his \u201cPrinciples of political economy and taxation\u201d. Hist. Teach., 35\u201337."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1080\/03017601003668845","article-title":"Karl Marx\u2019s Grundrisse: Foundations of the critique of political economy 150 years later","volume":"38","author":"Marshall","year":"2010","journal-title":"Critique"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1017\/S0040557416000661","article-title":"Performance and value: The work of theatre in Karl Marx\u2019s critique of political economy","volume":"58","author":"Boyle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Theatre Surv."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1080\/13563467.2016.1115827","article-title":"Friedrich List and the Imperial origins of the national economy","volume":"21","author":"Ince","year":"2016","journal-title":"New Political Econ."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"180","article-title":"State productivity and economic growth","volume":"9","author":"Amato","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reg. Stud. Reg. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"127","article-title":"The logic, multidimensional connotation, and contemporary significance of the proposal of \u201cnew quality productivity\u201d","volume":"14","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Political Econ.Rev."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"146","article-title":"The triple logic of theory, history, and reality in developing \u201cnew quality productivity\u201d","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Political Econ. Rev."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"1","article-title":"On new quality productivity: Connotation characteristics and important focus","volume":"19","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reform"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Du, C.Z., Shu, S., and Li, Z.H. (2023). Mechanism analysis and implementation path of promoting high-quality economic development through new quality productivity. Econ. Rev., 20\u201328."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"25","article-title":"The basic meaning, historical evolution, and practical path of new quality productivity","volume":"6","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Theory Reform"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"61","article-title":"Research on digital new quality productivity and high quality development of agriculture in China","volume":"52","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Shanxi Norm. Univ."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"10","article-title":"New quality productivity: Logic, Connotation, and Path","volume":"1","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Res."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"108","article-title":"Empowering new quality productivity with education: Theoretical logic and practical path","volume":"12","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chongqing High. Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Zhang, J.Y., and Xu, Z. (2024). Theoretical review, logical dialysis and practical path of new quality productivity from the perspective of Chinese path to modernization. Xinjiang Soc. Sci., 34\u201345."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4878","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.9693","article-title":"State-of-the-art technologies in precision agriculture: A systematic review","volume":"99","author":"Bhakta","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2019.04.002","article-title":"Blockchain technology in agri-food value chain management: A synthesis of applications, challenges and future research directions","volume":"109","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Ind."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2023.105899","article-title":"Smart farming using artificial intelligence: A review","volume":"120","author":"Akkem","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"36","article-title":"Research on the sustainable development of agricultural industry based on the pilot project of ecological circular agriculture","volume":"30","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mod. Agric. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"1","article-title":"The development level, regional disparity and promotion path of new quality productivity","volume":"30","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Chongqing Univ."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"44","article-title":"Construction and spatiotemporal evolution of new quality productivity indicators in China","volume":"43","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ind. Technol. Econ."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"31","article-title":"New quality productivity: Index construction and spatiotemporal evolutio","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Xi\u2019an Univ. Financ. Econ."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"5","article-title":"Theoretical connotation and empirical evaluation of new-quality productive forces","volume":"7","author":"Dong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Shenzhen Soc.Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Guo, X.M., and Lv, Z.F. (2024). The connotation characteristics, development blockages and practical paths of new-quality agricultural productivity. Acad. J. Zhong Zhou, 38\u201345."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"15","article-title":"Research on the development path of new-quality productive forces based on the four \u201cnew\u201d dimensions","volume":"52","author":"Qi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Lanzhou Univ."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1049\/ell2.13280","article-title":"Research on gradual planning scheme of power grid based on AHP and entropy weight method","volume":"60","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Electron. Lett."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2024.110722","article-title":"Reliability assessment combining importance resampling and the cross entropy method","volume":"234","author":"Toftaker","year":"2024","journal-title":"Electr. Power Syst. Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1080\/03610918.2018.1425441","article-title":"Simulations of local Moran\u2019s index in a spatio-temporal setting","volume":"48","author":"Diawara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Commun. Stat. Simul.Comput."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2296","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2016.2605152","article-title":"Evaluation of load frequency control performance based on standard deviational ellipses","volume":"32","author":"Bostjan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trans. Power Syst."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"21","article-title":"The utilization of standard deviational ellipse (SDE) model for the analysis of dengue fever cases in Banjar City 2013","volume":"6","author":"Rahmaniati","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aspirator J. Vector Borne Dis. Stud."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Zhou, J. (2024). Ensuring food security with new quality productivity: Internal logic, opportunities, challenges and countermeasures. Econ. Rev. J., 31\u201340."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Chen, H.Q., and Zeng, F.S. (2024). Research on the impact of new quality agricultural productivity on the development of agricultural modernization. Agric. Econ. Manag., 27\u201341."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"90","article-title":"Measurement, structural decomposition and spatial convergence analysis of the regional new quality productivity level in China","volume":"43","author":"Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ind. Technol. Econ."}],"container-title":["ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2220-9964\/14\/3\/104\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:43:56Z","timestamp":1760028236000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2220-9964\/14\/3\/104"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["ijgi14030104"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijgi14030104","relation":{},"ISSN":["2220-9964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2220-9964","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]]}}}