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Existing studies predominantly focus on linear relationships between isolated factors, neglecting spatial heterogeneity and nonlinear dynamics, which limits the ability to address localized urban challenges. This study addresses these gaps by utilizing multi-scale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) to assess the spatial nonstationarity of subject perceptions and built environment factors while employing gradient-boosting decision trees (GBDT) to capture their nonlinear relationships and incorporating eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) to improve predictive accuracy. Using geospatial data (POIs, social media data) and survey responses in Suzhou, China, the findings reveal that (1) proximity to business facilities (\u03b2 = 0.41) and educational resources (\u03b2 = 0.32) strongly correlate with satisfaction, while landscape quality shows contradictory effects between central (\u03b2 = 0.12) and peripheral zones (\u03b2 = \u22120.09). (2) XGBoost further quantifies predictive disparities: subjective factors like property service satisfaction (R2 = 0.64, MAPE = 3.72) outperform objective metrics (e.g., dining facilities, R2 = 0.36), yet objective housing prices demonstrate greater stability (MAPE = 3.11 vs. subjective MAPE = 6.89). (3) Nonlinear thresholds are identified for household income and green space coverage (&gt;15%, saturation effects). These findings expose critical mismatches\u2014residents prioritize localized services over citywide economic metrics, while objective amenities like healthcare accessibility (threshold = 1 km) require spatial recalibration. By bridging spatial nonstationarity (MGWR) and nonlinearity (XGBoost), this study advances a dual-path framework for adaptive urban governance, the community-level prioritization of high-impact subjective factors (e.g., service quality), and data-driven spatial planning informed by nonlinear thresholds (e.g., facility density). The results offer actionable pathways to align smart urban development with socio-spatial equity, emphasizing the need for hyperlocal, perception-sensitive regeneration strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi14030131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T07:59:54Z","timestamp":1742457594000},"page":"131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Unraveling Spatial Nonstationary and Nonlinear Dynamics in Life Satisfaction: Integrating Geospatial Analysis of Community Built Environment and Resident Perception via MGWR, GBDT, and XGBoost"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Di","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118, China"}]},{"given":"Qiujie","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118, China"}]},{"given":"Haoran","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"},{"name":"Faculty of Architecture, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5343-0851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinliu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzhou Institute of Future City Design, Suzhou City University, Suzhou 215000, China"},{"name":"Purple Academy of Culture and Creativity, Nanjing University of the Arts, Nanjing 210000, China"},{"name":"China-Portugal Joint Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Conservation Science, Suzhou 215000, China"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215000, China"}]},{"given":"Pengcheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215000, China"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215000, China"}]},{"given":"Haoqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Architecture, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2020.102730","article-title":"Urban Regeneration: Community Engagement Process for Vacant Land in Declining Cities","volume":"102","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-019-00627-8","article-title":"Environmental Risk Perceptions and Community Health: Arsenic, Air Pollution, and Threats to Traditional Values of the Hopi Tribe","volume":"44","author":"Mayer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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