{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:40:06Z","timestamp":1760031606882,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019470"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019470"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Topological relations form the backbone of qualitative spatial reasoning and, as such, play a paramount role in geographic information systems. Three decades of research have provided a proliferation of sets of qualitative topological relations in both continuous and discretized spaces, but only in continuous spaces has the concept of organizing these relations into a larger framework (called a conceptual neighborhood graph) been considered. Previous work leveraged matrix differences to derive the anisotropic scaling neighborhood for these relations. In this paper, a simulation protocol is used to derive conceptual neighborhood graphs of qualitative topological relations in Z2 for the operations of translation and isotropic scaling. It is further shown that, when aggregating raster relations into their continuous counterparts and collapsing neighborhood connections within these groups, the familiar conceptual neighborhood structures for continuous regions appear.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi14040150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T05:10:07Z","timestamp":1743397807000},"page":"150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Conceptual Neighborhood Graphs of Topological Relations in Z2"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Brendan Patrick","family":"Hall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"James W. Sewall Company, Bangor, ME 04401, USA"},{"name":"School of Computing and Information Science, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7104-9982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew Paul","family":"Dube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing and Information Science, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA"},{"name":"Department of Computer Information Systems, University of Maine at Augusta, Augusta, ME 04330, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Frank, A., and Kuhn, W. (1995, January 21\u201323). Na\u00efve geography. 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