{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:09:12Z","timestamp":1760058552488,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"2022 Annual Project of Tianjin Philosophy and Social Sciences Planning","award":["TJGL22-012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TJGL22-012"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Excessive redundancy of construction land in county-level units within the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has become a significant obstacle to achieving high-quality development. The objective of this study is to discover the spatial and temporal patterns of redundancy of construction land, with a view to providing insights for promoting efficient land use. The study employs the SBM-DEA model, Markov transfer probability matrix analysis, and multiple regression analysis to analyze the spatial change characteristics, spatial differentiation, and influencing factors of construction land redundancy in this Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei county unit during the period of 2000\u20132020. The study shows that the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei county unit has a serious oversupply of land and, combined with the reasons for redundancy in each sub-region, the degree of spatial redundancy has already formed a spatial lock-in effect. The degree of redundancy of construction land is affected by a variety of factors such as location, scale, economy, and facilities. Furthermore, the study puts forward suggestions for improving land use efficiency in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei county units by adjusting the construction land supply and demand relationship, mechanisms to facilitate the flow of development factors, and strengthening land use supervision. These measures aim to reduce redundancy of construction land and support sustainable high-quality development in the region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi14040173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T06:12:06Z","timestamp":1744783926000},"page":"173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spatio-Temporal Analysis of the Redundancies of Construction Land in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region (2000\u20132020)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Urban Planning & Design Institute Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300190, China"}]},{"given":"Yongqing","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}]},{"given":"Haowen","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4080-0303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weitong","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiao, J., Dai, J., Chen, L., and Song, Y. 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