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Along with this development, issues concerning waterborne traffic safety are gradually emerging. To address the challenges of navigation and obstacle detection on the water\u2019s surface, this paper presents CDS-YOLOv7, an enhanced obstacle-detection framework for aquatic environments, architecturally evolved from YOLOv7. The proposed system implements three key innovations: (1) Architectural optimization through replacement of the Spatial Pyramid Pooling Cross Stage Partial Connections (SPPCSPC) module with GhostSPPCSPC for expanded receptive field representation. (2) Integration of a parameter-free attention mechanism (SimAM) with refined pooling configurations to boost multi-scale detection sensitivity, and (3) Strategic deployment of depthwise separable convolutions (DSC) to reduce computational complexity while maintaining detection fidelity. Furthermore, we develop a Spatial\u2013Channel Synergetic Attention (SCSA) mechanism to counteract feature degradation in convolutional operations, embedding this module within the Extended Effective Long-Range Aggregation Network (E-ELAN) network to enhance contextual awareness. Experimental results reveal the model\u2019s superiority over baseline YOLOv7, achieving 4.9% mean average precision@0.5 (mAP@0.5), +4.3% precision (P), and +6.9% recall (R) alongside a 22.8% reduction in Giga Floating-point Operations Per Second (GFLOPS).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi14070238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T04:50:05Z","timestamp":1750654205000},"page":"238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["GDS-YOLOv7: A High-Performance Model for Water-Surface Obstacle Detection Using Optimized Receptive Field and Attention Mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9117-6156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xu","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Mining Area Environmental and Disaster Cooperative Monitoring, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Safe Mining of Deep Coal Resources and Environment Protection, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China"},{"name":"School of Geomatics, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China"},{"name":"Urban 3D Real Scene and Intelligent Security Monitoring Joint Laboratory of Anhui Province, Huainan 232001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9333-8598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Mining Area Environmental and Disaster Cooperative Monitoring, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Safe Mining of Deep Coal Resources and Environment Protection, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China"},{"name":"School of Geomatics, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China"},{"name":"Urban 3D Real Scene and Intelligent Security Monitoring Joint Laboratory of Anhui Province, Huainan 232001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fuyang","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Mining Area Environmental and Disaster Cooperative Monitoring, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Safe Mining of Deep Coal Resources and Environment Protection, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China"},{"name":"School of Geomatics, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China"},{"name":"Urban 3D Real Scene and Intelligent Security Monitoring Joint Laboratory of Anhui Province, Huainan 232001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruixue","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Mining Area Environmental and Disaster Cooperative Monitoring, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China"},{"name":"School of Geomatics, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China"},{"name":"Urban 3D Real Scene and Intelligent Security Monitoring Joint Laboratory of Anhui Province, Huainan 232001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shicheng","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Mining Area Environmental and Disaster Cooperative Monitoring, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Safe Mining of Deep Coal Resources and Environment Protection, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China"},{"name":"School of Geomatics, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China"},{"name":"Urban 3D Real Scene and Intelligent Security Monitoring Joint Laboratory of Anhui Province, Huainan 232001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alamoush, A.S., and \u00d6l\u00e7er, A.I. 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