{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T12:30:02Z","timestamp":1769171402913,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research, Development and Innovation Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Various platforms, such as Google Maps, provide information about the services of public transport companies worldwide. Operators publish the planned (static) timetable using the General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) format, while the GTFS Realtime (GTFS-RT) specification provides live (dynamic) information about the services. In this paper, we present our dataset that was built by retrieving and pre-processing the data sources of the open data platform of BKK Fut\u00e1r, hosted by the Centre for Budapest Transport Company (BKK). The paper contains a well-detailed description of our methods for retrieving and pre-processing the data among statistical features. The dataset covers a one-year period in which the data collection mechanism used for realtime data was continuously improved from collecting only live vehicle positions to covering all the available feeds and increasing the query frequency. We merged the static data with the vehicle positions to filter them, yielding a clean set of tracked trips. As a result, more than 90% of the daily planned trips could be reconstructed from the responses. We provide an interactive web-based visualization for the analysis of the GTFS schedule\u2019s, and the GTFS-RT Vehicle Positions feed\u2019s, geospatial features. The dataset and also our methodology can serve as input for various research studies to investigate the common characteristics of delays and disruptions or predict real departure times based on the current vehicle positions and historical data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi14070245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T03:39:59Z","timestamp":1750909199000},"page":"245","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Interactive Visualization for the GTFS and GTFS-RT Data of Budapest"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7583-7433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R\u00f3bert","family":"T\u00f3th","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Informatics, University of Debrecen, Kassai u 26, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2198-1816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rton","family":"Isp\u00e1ny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Informatics, University of Debrecen, Kassai u 26, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1943-6053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianna","family":"Zichar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Informatics, University of Debrecen, Kassai u 26, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06958","article-title":"Understanding individual human mobility patterns","volume":"453","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walker, R.A. (2018). A theory of suburbanization: Capitalism and the construction of urban space in the United States. Urbanization and Urban Planning in Capitalist Society, Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781351068000-15"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pieretti, G. (2024). Suburbanization. Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-17299-1_2913"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1038\/s41567-019-0656-8","article-title":"The benefits of public transport","volume":"15","author":"Buchanan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Phys."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11384","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph111111384","article-title":"Estimating the costs and benefits of providing free public transit passes to students in Los Angeles County: Lessons learned in applying a health lens to decision-making","volume":"11","author":"Gase","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2021.103406","article-title":"Smart city research: A holistic and state-of-the-art literature review","volume":"119","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2019.04.014","article-title":"Smart City and information technology: A review","volume":"93","author":"Camero","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1177\/0020852314564308","article-title":"Governing the smart city: A review of the literature on smart urban governance","volume":"82","author":"Meijer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Adm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Besenczi, R., B\u00e1tfai, N., Jeszenszky, P., Major, R., Monori, F., and Isp\u00e1ny, M. (2021). Large-scale simulation of traffic flow using Markov model. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246062"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2018.07.033","article-title":"Towards the smart city 2.0: Empirical evidence of using smartness as a tool for tackling social challenges","volume":"142","author":"Trencher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change"},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Bris, A., Cabolis, C., Lanvin, B., Milner, W., Madureira, O., Caballero, J., Zargari, M., Sharma, C., Grimm, F., and Tozer, A. (2024). Smart City Index Report 2024, IMD World Competitiveness Center. Technical Report."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3334","DOI":"10.3390\/smartcities7060129","article-title":"Accessibility Measures to Evaluate Public Transport Competitiveness: The Case of Rome and Turin","volume":"7","author":"Zini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Smart Cities"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"McHugh, B. (2013). Pioneering open data standards: The GTFS Story. Beyond Transparency: Open Data and the Future of Civic Innovation, Code for America Press."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1177\/03611981241255027","article-title":"Addressing Data Latency in GTFS (General Transit Feed Specification) Realtime to Improve Transit Signal Priority","volume":"2679","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Newmark, G.L. (2024). Assessing GTFS Accuracy [Research Brief], San Jose State University. College of Business, Mineta Transportation Institute. Technical Report."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Kunz, N., and Gao, H.O. (2024). Global Geolocated Realtime Data of Interfleet Urban Transit Bus Idling. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2017.04.012","article-title":"Constructing a routable retrospective transit timetable from a real-time vehicle location feed and GTFS","volume":"62","author":"Wessel","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Transp. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bok, J., and Kwon, Y. (2016). Comparable Measures of Accessibility to Public Transport Using the General Transit Feed Specification. Sustainability, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/ifou-E007"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2013.09.015","article-title":"Assessing public transport systems connectivity based on Google Transit data","volume":"33","author":"Hadas","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Transp. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2023.103590","article-title":"Evaluating the impact of public transport travel time inaccuracy and variability on socio-spatial inequalities in accessibility","volume":"109","author":"Braga","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Transp. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2018.02.020","article-title":"GTFS bus stop mapping to the OSM network","volume":"110","author":"Vuurstaek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Future Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1089\/big.2022.0269","article-title":"gtfs2net: Extraction of General Transit Feed Specification Data Sets to Abstract Networks and Their Analysis","volume":"13","author":"Kocsis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Big Data"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"163","article-title":"Route planning on GTFS using Neo4j","volume":"54","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Math. Informaticae"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"2583","article-title":"Application-Based Benchmarking on Redis and MongoDB for Trip Planning using GTFS Data","volume":"12","author":"Alzaidi","year":"2023","journal-title":"TEM J. Technol. Educ. Manag. Inform."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"260","article-title":"Trip Timing Algorithm for GTFS data With Redis Model to Improve the Performance","volume":"11","author":"Alzaidi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Theor. Appl. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fayyaz S, S.K., Liu, X.C., and Zhang, G. (2017). An efficient General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) enabled algorithm for dynamic transit accessibility analysis. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185333"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.websem.2020.100596","article-title":"GTFS-Madrid-Bench: A Benchmark for Virtual Knowledge Graph Access in the Transport Domain","volume":"65","author":"Priyatna","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Web Semant."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Devunuri, S., and Lehe, L. (2024). A Survey of Errors in GTFS Static Feeds from the United States. Findings.","DOI":"10.32866\/001c.116694"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kunama, N., Worapan, M., Phithakkitnukoon, S., and Demissie, M. (2017, January 11\u201315). GTFS-Viz: Tool for preprocessing and visualizing GTFS data. Proceedings of the 2017 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Proceedings of the 2017 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers (UbiComp \u201917), Maui, HI, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/3123024.3124415"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e03729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e03729","article-title":"Visualizing public transit system operation with GTFS data: A case study of Calgary, Canada","volume":"6","author":"Prommaharaj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1007\/s12469-024-00362-x","article-title":"G2Viz: An online tool for visualizing and analyzing a public transit system from GTFS data","volume":"16","author":"Para","year":"2024","journal-title":"Public Transp."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kocsis, G., and Varga, I. (2022, January 22\u201323). Extracting Mass Transportation Networks from General Transit Feed Specification Datasets. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Complexity, Future Information Systems and Risk (COMPLEXIS 2022), Online.","DOI":"10.5220\/0011080700003197"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s10109-016-0244-8","article-title":"Discovering the space\u2013time dimensions of schedule padding and delay from GTFS and real-time transit data","volume":"19","author":"Wessel","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Geogr. Syst."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s12469-022-00291-7","article-title":"Measurement and classification of transit delays using GTFS-RT data","volume":"14","author":"Aemmer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Public Transp."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Xian, T., Moylan, E., and Nelson, J. (2022). Evidence from GTFS-R That Bus Priority Lanes Reduce Marginal Delay, School of Civil Engineering, The University of Sydney. Working Paper."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-024-03873-1","article-title":"Bus arrival and departure time updates in the Greater Sydney Area","volume":"11","author":"Xian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s12469-024-00354-x","article-title":"ChatGPT for GTFS: Benchmarking LLMs on GTFS semantics\u2026 and retrieval","volume":"16","author":"Devunuri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Public Transp."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"BKK (2024, November 21). Travel Options. Available online: https:\/\/bkk.hu\/en\/travel-information\/travel-options-in-budapest\/."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"100989","article-title":"Satisfaction measurement in the sustainable public transport of Budapest","volume":"23","author":"Nemecz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Interdiscip. Perspect."}],"container-title":["ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2220-9964\/14\/7\/245\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:58:47Z","timestamp":1760032727000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2220-9964\/14\/7\/245"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["ijgi14070245"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijgi14070245","relation":{},"ISSN":["2220-9964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2220-9964","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]}}}