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The positioning accuracy and cost have a crucial impact on the quality, promotion, and market competitiveness of location services. Dead reckoning can provide accurate location information in a short time. However, it suffers from motion pattern diversity and cumulative error. To address these issues, we propose a PCA-GWO-KELM optimization gait recognition indoor fusion localization method. In this method, 30-dimensional motion features for different motion patterns are extracted from inertial measurement units. Then, constructing PCA-GWO-KELM optimization gait recognition algorithms to obtain important features, the model parameters of the kernel-limit learning machine are optimized by the gray wolf optimization algorithm. Meanwhile, adaptive upper thresholds and adaptive dynamic time thresholds are constructed to void pseudo peaks and valleys. Finally, fusion localization is achieved by combining with acoustic localization. Comprehensive experiments have been conducted using different devices in two different scenarios. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method can effectively recognize motion patterns and mitigate cumulative error. It achieves higher localization performance and universality than state-of-the-art methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi14070246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T06:55:13Z","timestamp":1750920913000},"page":"246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["PCA-GWO-KELM Optimization Gait Recognition Indoor Fusion Localization Method"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Ji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyue","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1189-6159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suqing","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Navigation Technology and Application, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"},{"name":"International Joint Research Laboratory of Spatio-Temporal Information and Intelligent Location Services, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianming","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Engineering, Guilin University, Guilin 541006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Navigation Technology and Application, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"},{"name":"GUET-Nanning E-Tech Research Institute Co., Ltd., Nanning 530031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5737-6559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamarul Hawari Bin","family":"Ghazali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Joint Research Laboratory of Spatio-Temporal Information and Intelligent Location Services, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"},{"name":"Center for Advanced Industrial Technology, University Malaysia Pahang Al Sultan Abdullah, Pekan 26600, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qi, L., Liu, Y., Yu, Y., Chen, L., and Chen, R.Z. 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