{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:31:49Z","timestamp":1760059909032,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,20]],"date-time":"2025-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42071419","42201466","GFZX0404130304","23WL(Y)53","2023ZBSK041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42071419","42201466","GFZX0404130304","23WL(Y)53","2023ZBSK041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Major Project of High-Resolution Earth Observation System of China","award":["42071419","42201466","GFZX0404130304","23WL(Y)53","2023ZBSK041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42071419","42201466","GFZX0404130304","23WL(Y)53","2023ZBSK041"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Province Culture and Tourism Research Project","award":["42071419","42201466","GFZX0404130304","23WL(Y)53","2023ZBSK041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42071419","42201466","GFZX0404130304","23WL(Y)53","2023ZBSK041"]}]},{"name":"Zibo City Social Science Planning Research Project","award":["42071419","42201466","GFZX0404130304","23WL(Y)53","2023ZBSK041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42071419","42201466","GFZX0404130304","23WL(Y)53","2023ZBSK041"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In geographic information data processing, the matching of road data at different scales is crucial. Due to scale differences, road features can change, posing a challenge to multi-scale matching. Spatial relationship is the key to matching because it remains stable at different scales. In this paper, we propose an improved summation product of direction and distance (ISOD) descriptor, which combines features such as included angle chain and camber variance with similarity features such as length, direction, and Hausdorff distance to construct an integrated similarity metric model for multi-scale road matching. The experiments proved that the model achieved 94.75% and 93.34% precision and recall in 1:50,000 and 1:10,000 scale road data matching and 86.39% and 94.06% in 1:250,000 and 1:50,000 scale road data matching, respectively. This proves the effectiveness and practicality of the method. The ISOD descriptor and integrated similarity metric model in this paper provide an effective method for multi-scale road data matching, which helps the integration and fusion of geographic information data, and has an important application value in the fields of intelligent transport and urban planning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi14070280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T08:47:14Z","timestamp":1753087634000},"page":"280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Research on Multi-Scale Vector Road-Matching Model Based on ISOD Descriptor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Geomatics, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Geomatics, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaobo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zibo Natural Resources and Planning Bureau Economic Development Zone Branch, Zibo 255000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4251-1573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuefeng","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Geomatics, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China"},{"name":"National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land, Dongying 257347, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yulong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guojiao Spatial Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100011, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land, Dongying 257347, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, The Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1080\/17538947.2017.1341557","article-title":"An improved probabilistic relaxation method for matching multi-scale road networks","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. 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