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This study used the time-series InSAR to calculate the spatial and temporal distribution map of subsidence in Wuhan and analyze the causes of subsidence. An improved fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (GD-FAHP) was proposed and integrated with the Entropy Weight Method (EWM) to assess the hazard and vulnerability of land subsidence using multiple evaluation factors, thereby deriving the spatial distribution characteristics of subsidence risk in Wuhan. Results indicated the following: (1) Maximum subsidence rates reached \u221249 mm\/a, with the most severe deformation localized in Hongshan District, exhibiting a cumulative displacement of \u2212135 mm. Comparative validation between InSAR results and leveling was conducted, demonstrating the reliability of InSAR monitoring. (2) Areas with frequent urban construction largely coincided with subsidence locations. In addition, the analysis indicated that rainfall and hydrogeological conditions were also correlated with land subsidence. (3) The proposed risk assessment model effectively identified high-risk areas concentrated in central urban zones, particularly the Hongshan and Wuchang Districts. This research establishes a methodological framework for urban hazard mitigation and provides actionable insights for subsidence risk reduction strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi14090320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T12:31:26Z","timestamp":1755865886000},"page":"320","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Urban Land Subsidence Analyzed Through Time-Series InSAR Coupled with Refined Risk Modeling: A Wuhan Case Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9349-6265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lv","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of China\u2014ASEAN Satellite Remote Sensing Applications, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Nanning 530221, China"},{"name":"Technology Innovation Center for Geohazard Monitoring and Risk Early Warning, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liqi","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Quanyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Communications Research Institute Co., Ltd., Nanning 530007, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haotian","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Communications Research Institute Co., Ltd., Nanning 530007, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Resources and Real Estate Registration Center of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530022, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2242-7158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China"},{"name":"Technology Innovation Center for Geohazard Monitoring and Risk Early Warning, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Geomatic Institute, Wuhan 430022, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2158","DOI":"10.1007\/s12583-024-2025-5","article-title":"A Possible Mechanism of High-Speed and Long-Distance Rockslides","volume":"35","author":"Du","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. 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