{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T22:25:38Z","timestamp":1782858338398,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research","award":["2019QZKK0603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0603"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["42201027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42201027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Investigating the spatial distribution and dynamics of terrestrial carbon storage is vital for climate change mitigation. However, horizontal spatial analyses often overlook heterogeneity in complex terrains. Here, we focused on the Gonghe Basin on the northeastern margin of the Qinghai\u2013Tibet Plateau, where resource exploitation and ecological conservation interact. By using land use and DEM data and integrating the InVEST model, Geoda, and a geographical detector, we showed the altitudinal gradient effect and spatiotemporal evolution of carbon storage in the Gonghe Basin from 2000 to 2020 and identified the key factors influencing these patterns. Results show the following: (1) From 2000 to 2020, carbon storage in the Gonghe Basin exhibited a distinct pattern of \u201chigh at mid-elevations, low at both summit and valley\u201d along the elevation gradient. High-value areas were concentrated in the forest\u2013grassland zone between 2800\u20134400 m, while low-value areas were distributed in the human activity-intensive zone of 2100\u20132800 m and the alpine desert zone of 4400\u20135000 m. (2) The synergistic drivers of carbon storage differed markedly across elevation gradients. The low-elevation zone (2100\u20132800 m) was characterized by strengthened interactions between vegetation cover and precipitation as well as human activity variables, indicating a coupled natural\u2013anthropogenic driving regime. In the mid-elevation zone (2800\u20134400 m), interactive effects shifted from vegetation\u2013natural factor coupling to enhanced synergy with social factors such as population density. In the high-elevation zone (4400\u20135000 m), stable long-term interactions between vegetation and temperature predominated, while sensitivity to interactions involving human activity factors increased. (3) Although natural factors remained dominant, the explanatory power of human activity factors\u2014including GDP density, land-use intensity, and grazing intensity\u2014increased over time across all elevation gradients, suggesting progressively stronger human intervention in carbon cycling. (4) Based on these findings, this study proposes a \u201cthree belts\u2013three strategies\u201d synergistic governance framework\u2014\u201cregulation and restoration\u201d for the low-elevation belt, \u201cconservation and efficiency enhancement\u201d for the mid-elevation belt, and \u201cmonitoring and early warning\u201d for the high-elevation belt\u2014aiming to enhance regional carbon sink capacity and ecological resilience through zone-specific, targeted interventions. These findings offer a scientific basis for reinforcing regional ecological security and improving carbon sink management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi15010048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T13:59:54Z","timestamp":1769003994000},"page":"48","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Altitudinal Gradient and Influencing Factors of Carbon Storage in the Gonghe Basin of the Qinghai\u2013Tibet Plateau"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ailing","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Land Surface Processes and Ecological Conservation (Ministry of Education) & Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Environmental Process, School of Geographical Sciences & School of National Safety and Emergency Management, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810016, China"},{"name":"Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University & Beijing Normal University, Xining 810016, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4441-9674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xingsheng","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Land Surface Processes and Ecological Conservation (Ministry of Education) & Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Environmental Process, School of Geographical Sciences & School of National Safety and Emergency Management, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810016, China"},{"name":"Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University & Beijing Normal University, Xining 810016, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanqin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Land Surface Processes and Ecological Conservation (Ministry of Education) & Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Environmental Process, School of Geographical Sciences & School of National Safety and Emergency Management, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810016, China"},{"name":"Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University & Beijing Normal University, Xining 810016, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haifeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Land Surface Processes and Ecological Conservation (Ministry of Education) & Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Environmental Process, School of Geographical Sciences & School of National Safety and Emergency Management, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810016, China"},{"name":"Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University & Beijing Normal University, Xining 810016, China"},{"name":"School of Tourism and Hospitality Management, University of Sanya, Sanya 572000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuechang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Zhu, M., Li, X., Xing, L., Liu, C., Wu, J., and Wu, Z. 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