{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T06:02:27Z","timestamp":1772517747968,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["42101284"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42101284"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["42371200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42371200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Integrating ecosystem service value (ESV) into land use optimization is crucial for achieving sustainable development goals. Unlike traditional \u201cpost-evaluation\u201d approaches that assess ESV after generating land use plans, this study pioneers a \u201cgoal-oriented\u201d method by embedding ESV as an objective to guide land use optimization. A multi-objective particle swarm optimization (PSO) framework, which incorporates ESV with land quantity error, spatial aggregation of farmland and construction land, and economic benefits, was constructed for the research study. Applied to Wuhan, China, for the periods of 2005\u20132015 and 2010\u20132020, the results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed framework in: (1) reducing construction land area while increasing farmland and ecological land; (2) spatially aggregating construction land towards urban functional areas while protecting farmland and ecological land in peri-urban and outer suburban areas; (3) improving spatial aggregation of farmland, construction land, and ecological land; and (4) slightly increasing ESV, particularly in peri-urban and outer suburban areas. The proposed PSO framework provides a valuable tool for optimizing land use layout, enhancing ecosystem service provision, and promoting balanced socio-ecological development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi15030103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T08:51:57Z","timestamp":1772441517000},"page":"103","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enhancing Ecosystem Service Value Through Land Use Optimization: A Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Approach in Wuhan, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100035, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resource and Environment Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasi","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture, Soochow University, Suzhou 215031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fanjie","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resource and Environment Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4475-3376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography and Planning, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7442-3239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yiyun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resource and Environment Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Cartography and Land Information Application Engineering, Ministry of Natural Resources, Wuhan 430079, China"},{"name":"Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100035, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.habitatint.2023.102884","article-title":"Can rapid urbanization be sustainable? 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