{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T00:39:41Z","timestamp":1772930381881,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001804","name":"Canada Research Chairs Program","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CRC-2022-00112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRC-2022-00112"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN-2023-05745"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2023-05745"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019\u00c9conomie et de l\u2019Innovation (MEI) du Qu\u00e9bec","award":["2021-2022 #57256"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-2022 #57256"]}]},{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration"},{"name":"Social Participation and Inclusive City research group"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Wheelchair users face environmental barriers that limit their mobility and social participation. Although existing navigation tools support urban mobility, they often lack clear orientation and confirmation cues, and information on accessible and safe routes to meet wheelchair users\u2019 needs. This study aims to identify the most adapted route instructions for wheelchair users, examine characteristics\u2019 (sociodemographic information and profiles) impact on their instructions\u2019 choices, and evaluate instruction\u2019s delivery modalities. An online questionnaire collected participants\u2019 characteristics and agreement with the proposed route instruction formulations (different combinations of information like turn-by-turn instructions, landmarks, and accessibility information) regarding clarity, sufficiency, adaptability, and safety criteria. Formulations were evaluated across 14 navigation situations involving accessibility and safety challenges. Participants also rated communication modalities. 32 wheelchair-users (19 males, 13 females; mean age = 45.8 years; mean wheelchair experience = 23.5 years) participated. Data analysis reveals the importance of enriched turn-by-turn instructions, including non-turning actions, alerts, landmarks, and\/or street names for participants. Alert-based formulations were favored in most situations, like uneven sidewalks, slopes and intersections. More enriched instructions were significantly acceptable among women and participants with greater wheelchair experience. Multimodal delivery, particularly visual and audio information, was also preferred. These findings help develop adaptive navigation tools, improving wheelchair users\u2019 safe, confident mobility, autonomy, and social participation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi15030110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T10:31:14Z","timestamp":1772706674000},"page":"110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adapted Route Instructions for Navigation Technologies in Support of Wheelchair Mobility in Urban Areas: Online Survey"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4078-0297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanaz","family":"Azimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Geospatial Data and Intelligence (CRDIG), Department of Geomatics Sciences, Universit\u00e9 Laval, 1055, Avenue du S\u00e9minaire, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"},{"name":"Canada Research Chair in Sensible Cities for Empower Mobility, Universit\u00e9 Laval, 1055, Avenue du S\u00e9minaire, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (Cirris), Qu\u00e9bec City, QC G1M 2S8, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3688-6638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mir Abolfazl","family":"Mostafavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Geospatial Data and Intelligence (CRDIG), Department of Geomatics Sciences, Universit\u00e9 Laval, 1055, Avenue du S\u00e9minaire, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"},{"name":"Canada Research Chair in Sensible Cities for Empower Mobility, Universit\u00e9 Laval, 1055, Avenue du S\u00e9minaire, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (Cirris), Qu\u00e9bec City, QC G1M 2S8, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7205-7725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krista L.","family":"Best","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (Cirris), Qu\u00e9bec City, QC G1M 2S8, Canada"},{"name":"School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}]},{"given":"Aur\u00e9lie","family":"Dommes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Applied Psychology and Ergonomics (LaPEA), Universit\u00e9 Gustave Eiffel, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, F-78000 Versailles, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2727-1287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ang\u00e9lique","family":"Montuwy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Design, \u00c9cole de Technologie Sup\u00e9rieure (\u00c9TS), 1130 rue William, Montr\u00e9al, QC H3C 1P8, Canada"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2025, October 20). 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