{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T02:09:35Z","timestamp":1773281375973,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016692","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023BEG02068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023BEG02068"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016692","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016692","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025BEG010101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025BEG010101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016692","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory Of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University","award":["25I02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25I02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Amid rapid urbanization, the rapid increase in urban vehicles has exacerbated parking scarcity, particularly in areas surrounding hospitals. As the core city of the Huaihai Economic Zone, Xuzhou\u2019s medical institutions serve a broad region spanning 178,000 square kilometers. The pronounced mismatch between parking supply and demand in these areas severely impacts traffic efficiency and public service quality. To address this challenge, this study proposes a data-driven parking resource planning methodology for the identification and planning of informal\/shared parking spaces (utilizing underutilized idle spaces) in hospital vicinities, integrating multi-source geospatial data from OpenStreetMap, remote sensing imagery, and field surveys. The methodology involves data preprocessing (e.g., format conversion, building boundary calibration), parking space identification and classification (e.g., buffer zone delineation, vacant land categorization, shape-based division), and layout optimization using a genetic algorithm combined with manual refinement. Applied within a 1 km radius around two hospitals in Xuzhou, the results demonstrate significant improvements in space utilization and provide a scientific basis for temporary parking facility planning. The results provide practical decision support for urban spatial management and temporary parking governance in high-demand public service areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi15030117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T10:43:27Z","timestamp":1773225807000},"page":"117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multi-Source Geospatial Data for Parking Space Discovery for Hospitals in Densely Urban Areas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yimeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yirui","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruishuan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Zhengyuan Aerial Remote Sensing Technology Co., Ltd., Jinan 250012, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuhao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kunliang","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5287-4063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"},{"name":"School of Land and Resources, Surveying and Mapping Engineering, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan 250100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2567-0313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiran","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1093\/jeg\/lbv048","article-title":"Parking and Urban Form","volume":"17","author":"Brueckner","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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