{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T14:29:01Z","timestamp":1781533741008,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2024QG174"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2024QG174"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["71874069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71874069"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["71874069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71874069"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The rapid accumulation of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) presents severe environmental and resource challenges in high-density metropolises. Traditional reverse logistics (RL) network designs often overlook urban morphological constraints and treat recovery rates as static parameters. To address these gaps, this study proposes a GIS-integrated low-carbon WEEE RL framework. A Spatial Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) workflow first deduces optimal facility layouts avoiding ecological exclusion zones. Subsequently, a Fuzzy Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (FMILP) model endogenizes the dynamic recovery rate and enforces discrete vehicle dispatching, solved via an advanced Geospatially Constrained Multiple-Priority Genetic Algorithm (MPGA). Validated in Jinan, China, the framework consistently outperforms contemporary benchmarks. Crucially, it reveals that traditional continuous models underestimate urban carbon footprints by 34.6%. By adopting the optimal spatial compromise, policymakers can achieve a 19.9% carbon reduction at a marginal 12.7% profit sacrifice, effectively harmonizing decarbonization with commercial viability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi15050211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T16:04:36Z","timestamp":1778601876000},"page":"211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A GIS-Integrated Spatial Optimization Framework for WEEE Reverse Logistics in High-Density Urban Morphology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Haijun","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3120-5653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Di","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China"},{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.132671","article-title":"Circular economy practices in the waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) industry: A systematic review and future research agendas","volume":"365","author":"Pan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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