{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T19:57:38Z","timestamp":1762459058429,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,8]],"date-time":"2013-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Developing mobile geo-information systems for sensor web applications involves technologies that can access linked geographical and semantically related Internet information. Additionally, in tomorrow\u2019s Web 4.0 world, it is envisioned that trillions of inexpensive micro-sensors placed throughout the environment will also become available for discovery based on their unique geo-referenced IP address. Exploring these enormous volumes of disparate heterogeneous data on today\u2019s location and orientation aware smartphones requires context-aware smart applications and services that can deal with \u201cinformation overload\u201d. 3DQ (Three Dimensional Query) is our novel mobile spatial interaction (MSI) prototype that acts as a next-generation base for human interaction within such geospatial sensor web environments\/urban landscapes. It filters information using \u201cHidden Query Removal\u201d functionality that intelligently refines the search space by calculating the geometry of a three dimensional visibility shape (Vista space) at a user\u2019s current location. This 3D shape then becomes the query \u201cwindow\u201d in a spatial database for retrieving information on only those objects visible within a user\u2019s actual 3D field-of-view. 3DQ reduces information overload and serves to heighten situation awareness on constrained commercial off-the-shelf devices by providing visibility space searching as a mobile web service. The effects of variations in mobile spatial search techniques in terms of query speed vs. accuracy are evaluated and presented in this paper.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi2010135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,8]],"date-time":"2013-03-08T11:22:13Z","timestamp":1362741733000},"page":"135-154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Spatial Search Techniques for Mobile 3D Queries in Sensor Web Environments"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Junjun","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Media Centre, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin 2, Ireland"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Carswell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Media Centre, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin 2, Ireland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ball, M. Available online:http:\/\/www.vector1-media.com\/dialog\/perspectives\/23362-how-do-crowdsourcing-the-internet-of-things-and-big-data-converge-on-geospatial-technology.html."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frohlich, P., Baldauf, P., Reichl, M., and Tobler, R.F. (2008, January 8\u201311). Visual Presentation Challenges for Mobile Spatial Applications: Three Case Studies. Proceedings of Information Visualisation IV \u201908 12th International Conference, London, UK.","DOI":"10.1109\/IV.2008.30"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Gardiner, K., and Carswell, J.D. (2003, January 13). Viewer-based Directional Querying for Mobile Applications. Proceedings of 4th International Workshop on Web & Wireless Geographical Information Systems (W2GIS2003), Rome, Italy."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Ceri, S., Fraternali, P., Bongio, A., Brambilla, M., Comai, S., and Matera, M. (2002). 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