{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T05:13:59Z","timestamp":1785474839685,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,11]],"date-time":"2013-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>PyGRASS is an object-oriented Python Application Programming Interface (API) for Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS) Geographic Information System (GIS), a powerful open source GIS widely used in academia, commercial settings and governmental agencies. We present the architecture of the PyGRASS library, covering interfaces to GRASS modules, vector and raster data, with a focus on the new capabilities that it provides to GRASS users and developers. Our design concept of the module interface allows the direct linking of inputs and outputs of GRASS modules to create process chains, including compatibility checks, process control and error handling. The module interface was designed to be easily extended to work with remote processing services (Web Processing Service (WPS), Web Service Definition Language (WSDL)\/Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)). The new object-oriented Python programming API introduces an abstract layer that opens the possibility to use and access transparently the efficient raster and vector functions of GRASS that are implemented in C. The design goal was to provide an easy to use, but powerful, Python interface for users and developers who are not familiar with the programming language C and with the GRASS C-API. We demonstrate the capabilities, scalability and performance of PyGRASS with several dedicated tests and benchmarks. We compare and discuss the results of the benchmarks with dedicated C implementations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi2010201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,11]],"date-time":"2013-03-11T12:14:24Z","timestamp":1363004064000},"page":"201-219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Pygrass: An Object Oriented Python Application Programming Interface (API) for Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS) Geographic Information System (GIS)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Pietro","family":"Zambelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, via Mesiano 77, Trento 38123, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00f6ren","family":"Gebbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Th\u00fcnen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesallee 50, Braunschweig 38116, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Ciolli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, via Mesiano 77, Trento 38123, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1177\/0309133308094656","article-title":"GIS: Biodiversity applications","volume":"32","author":"Foody","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog. Phys. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2011.11.014","article-title":"GRASS GIS A multi-purpose open source GIS","volume":"31","author":"Neteler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Modell. Softw."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sacchelli, S., Zambelli, P., Zatelli, P., and Ciolli, M. (2013). Biomasfor\u2014An open source holistic model for the assessment of sustainable forest bioenergy. iForest, in press.","DOI":"10.3832\/ifor0897-006"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9671.2012.01337.x","article-title":"A new 3-D solar radiation model for 3-D city models","volume":"16","author":"Hofierka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trans. 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Softw."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2011.07.004","article-title":"Spatial comparison of renewable energy supply and energy demand for low-carbon settlements","volume":"28","author":"Vettorato","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2010.03.004","article-title":"Sharing geoscience algorithms in a Web service-oriented environment (GRASS GIS example)","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Comput. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.3832\/ifor0530-003","article-title":"Monitoring spatial and temporal pattern of Paneveggio forest (Northern Italy) from 1859 to 2006","volume":"1","author":"Tattoni","year":"2010","journal-title":"iForest"},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Zambelli, P., Lora, C., Ciolli, M., Spinelli, R., Tattoni, C., Vitti, A., and Zatelli, P. 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Avaiable online: http:\/\/initd.org\/psycopg."}],"container-title":["ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2220-9964\/2\/1\/201\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:45:27Z","timestamp":1760219127000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2220-9964\/2\/1\/201"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,11]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]}},"alternative-id":["ijgi2010201"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijgi2010201","relation":{},"ISSN":["2220-9964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2220-9964","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,11]]}}}