{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:23:53Z","timestamp":1760243033985,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,5]],"date-time":"2015-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430784000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0962198"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0962198"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper we explore relationships between bird species richness and environmental factors in New York State, focusing particularly on how spatial scale, autocorrelation and nonstationarity affect these relationships. We used spatial statistics, Getis-Ord Gi*(d), to investigate how spatial scale affects the measurement of richness  \u201chot-spots\u201d and \u201ccold-spots\u201d (clusters of high and low species richness, respectively) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) to explore scale dependencies and nonstationarity in the relationships between richness and environmental variables such as climate and plant productivity. Finally, we introduce a geovisualization approach to show how these relationships are affected by spatial scale in order to understand the complex spatial patterns of species richness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi4020783","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,5]],"date-time":"2015-05-05T10:43:16Z","timestamp":1430822596000},"page":"783-798","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Exploring Spatial Scale, Autocorrelation and Nonstationarity of Bird Species Richness Patterns"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Paul","family":"Holloway","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and the Environment, The University of Texas at Austin, 305 E 23rd Street, Austin, TX 78712, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and the Environment, The University of Texas at Austin, 305 E 23rd Street, Austin, TX 78712, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1466-822X.2002.00307.x","article-title":"Assessing the vulnerability of species richness to anthropogenic climate change in a biodiversity hotspot","volume":"11","author":"Midgley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Glob. 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