{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:24:03Z","timestamp":1760243043488,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper describes how Earth Observation (EO) data\u2014in particular from satellites\u2014can support climate science, monitoring, and services by delivering global, repetitive, consistent, and timely information on the state of the environment and its evolution. Some examples are presented of EO demonstration pilot projects performed in partnership with scientists, industry, and development practitioners to support climate science, adaptation, mitigation, and disaster risk management. In particular, the paper highlights the challenge of gathering observations and generating long-term climate data records, which provide the foundation of risk management. The paper calls for a science-based integrated approach to climate risk management supported by data and knowledge, providing decision-makers with a unique analytical lens to develop a safety net to risk and maximize opportunities related to climate change and variability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi4031569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T10:55:58Z","timestamp":1441104958000},"page":"1569-1583","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Space for Climate"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Pierre-Philippe","family":"Mathieu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ESA\/ESRIN, Via Galileo Galilei, 64, Frascati 00044, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Dobbs, R., Oppenheim, J., Thompson, F., Brinkman, M., and Zornes, M. (2011). Resource Revolution: Meeting the World\u2019s Energy, Materials, Food and Water Needs, McKinsey & Company."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crutzen, P.J. (2002). Geology of mankind: The anthropocene. Nature, 415.","DOI":"10.1038\/415023a"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Denhofer, O., Pichs-Madruga, R., Sokona, Y., Minx, J.C., Farahani, E., Kadner, S., Seyboth, K., Adler, A., Baum, I., and Brunner, S. (2014). Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Field, C.B., Barros, V., Stocker, T.F., Qin, D., Dokken, D.J., Ebi, K.L., Mastrandrea, M.D., Mach, K.J., Plattner, G.K., Allen, S.K., Tignor, M., and Midgley, P.M. (2012). A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"World Bank Group (2012). Turn Down the Heat: Why a 4 \u2103 Warmer World Must Be Avoided, World Bank Group."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"World Bank Group (2013). Turn Down the Heat: Climate Extremes, Regional Impacts, and the Case for Resilience, World Bank Group."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"United Nations (2030). United Nations."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Independent Expert Advisory Group on a Data Revolution for Sustainable Development A World That Counts: Mobilising the Data Revolution for Sustainable Development. Available online: http:\/\/www.undatarevolution.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/A-World-That-Counts.pdf."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Merchant, C.J. Sea Surface Temperature during La Nina (October 1998). Available online: http:\/\/figshare.com\/articles\/Sea_surface_temperature_during_La_Nina_October_1998_\/1524132."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"World Meteorological Organization (2011). World Meteorological Organization."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate1979","article-title":"Future flood losses in major coastal cities","volume":"3","author":"Hallegatte","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Change"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rogers, D., and Tsirkunov, V. (2013). Weather and Climate Resilience, Direction in Development, World Bank Group.","DOI":"10.1596\/9781464800269_FM"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Word Bank Group (2014). World Development Report: Risk and Opportunity, Word Bank Group."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"US National Intelligence Council (2013). Global Trends 2030: Alternative Worlds."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Food Early Solutions for Africa (2014). FESA Micro-Insurance: Crop Insurance Reaching Every Farmer in Africa, EARS Earth Environment Monitoring."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"World Economic Forum (2015). Global Risk Report, World Economic Forum."}],"container-title":["ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2220-9964\/4\/3\/1569\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T20:47:50Z","timestamp":1760215670000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2220-9964\/4\/3\/1569"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]}},"alternative-id":["ijgi4031569"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijgi4031569","relation":{},"ISSN":["2220-9964"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2220-9964"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]}}}