{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T02:03:26Z","timestamp":1771466606838,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,9]],"date-time":"2016-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The timely detection of gold foil damage in gold-overlaid stone carvings and the associated maintenance of these relics pose several challenges to both the research and heritage protection communities internationally. This paper presents a new method for detecting gold foil damage by making use of multi-temporal 3D LiDAR point clouds. By analyzing the errors involved in the detection process, a formula is developed for calculation of the damage detection threshold. An improved division method for the linear octree that only allocates memory to the non-blank nodes, is proposed, which improves storage and retrieval efficiency for the point clouds. Meanwhile, the damage-occurrence regions are determined according to Hausdorff distances. Using a triangular mesh, damaged regions can be identified and measured in order to determine the relic\u2019s total damaged area. Results demonstrate that this method can effectively detect gold foil damage in stone carvings. The identified surface area of damaged regions can provide the information needed for subsequent restoration and protection of relics of this type.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi5050060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,9]],"date-time":"2016-05-09T10:05:24Z","timestamp":1462788324000},"page":"60","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A New Method of Gold Foil Damage Detection in Stone Carving Relics Based on Multi-Temporal 3D LiDAR Point Clouds"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0942-629X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miaole","family":"Hou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, NO. 1, Zhanlanguan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shukun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, NO. 1, Zhanlanguan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, NO. 1, Zhanlanguan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuhua","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, NO. 1, Zhanlanguan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yungang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, NO. 1, Zhanlanguan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Su","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, NO. 1, Zhanlanguan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2821-150X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuedong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, NO. 1, Zhanlanguan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.porgcoat.2013.03.018","article-title":"The preservation damage of hydrophobic polymer coating materials in conservation of stone relics","volume":"76","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog. 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