{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]],"date-time":"2026-05-10T01:45:29Z","timestamp":1778377529143,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,5]],"date-time":"2017-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Nature Science Foundation of China","award":["41674008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41674008"]}]},{"name":"the Central Universities","award":["2014ZDPY29"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014ZDPY29"]}]},{"name":"the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions","award":["SZBF2011-6-B35"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZBF2011-6-B35"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multi-constellation global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) are expected to enhance the capability of precise point positioning (PPP) by improving the positioning accuracy and reducing the convergence time because more satellites will be available. This paper discusses the performance of multi-constellation kinematic PPP based on a multi-constellation kinematic PPP model, Kalman filter and stochastic models. The experimental dataset was collected from the receivers on a vehicle and processed using self-developed software. A comparison of the multi-constellation kinematic PPP and real-time kinematic (RTK) results revealed that the availability, positioning accuracy and convergence performance of the multi-constellation kinematic PPP were all better than those of both global positioning system (GPS)-based PPP and dual-constellation PPP. Multi-constellation kinematic PPP can provide a positioning service with centimetre-level accuracy for dynamic users.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi6010006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,5]],"date-time":"2017-01-05T08:18:25Z","timestamp":1483604305000},"page":"6","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Kinematic Precise Point Positioning Using Multi-Constellation Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Observations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Xidong","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics,, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingxiang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics,, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5005","DOI":"10.1029\/96JB03860","article-title":"Precise point positioning for the efficient and robust analysis of GPS data from large networks","volume":"102","author":"Zumberge","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. 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