{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T04:51:46Z","timestamp":1776142306685,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,9]],"date-time":"2017-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The main purpose of this study is to develop a Geospatial Information System (GIS) model with the ability to assess the seismic damage to pipelines for two well-known hazards, including ground shaking and ground failure simultaneously. The model that is developed and used in this study includes four main parts of database implementation, seismic hazard analysis, vulnerability assessment and seismic damage assessment to determine the pipeline\u2019s damage probability. This model was implemented for main water distribution pipelines of Iran and tested for two different earthquake scenarios. The final damage probability of pipelines was estimated to be about 74% for water distribution pipelines of Mashhad including 40% and 34% for leak and break, respectively. In the next step, the impact of each earthquake input parameter on this model was extracted, and each of the three parameters had a huge impact on changing the results of pipelines\u2019 damage probability. Finally, the dependency of the model in liquefaction susceptibility, landslide susceptibility, vulnerability functions and segment length was checked out and specified that the model is sensitive just to liquefaction susceptibility and vulnerability functions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi6060169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,9]],"date-time":"2017-06-09T10:29:59Z","timestamp":1497004199000},"page":"169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Geospatial Analysis of Earthquake Damage Probability of Water Pipelines Due to Multi-Hazard Failure"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Eskandari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of GIS, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, 15875-1774 Tehran, Iran"}]},{"given":"Babak","family":"Omidvar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate Faculty of Environmental, University of Tehran, 14155-6135 Tehran, Iran"}]},{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Modiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of GIS, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, 15875-1774 Tehran, Iran"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Nekooie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of GIS, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, 15875-1774 Tehran, Iran"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9537-9401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Alesheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of GIS, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, 19967-15433 Tehran, Iran"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1153","article-title":"A probabilistic seismic hazard map of India and adjoining regions","volume":"42","author":"Bhatia","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann. Geophysics"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Fallahi, A., Zafari, H., and Bakhtiari, A. (2007). Urban areas and reduce the risk of injury. The Fifth International Conference on Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, International Institute of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering. (In Persian)."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"27","article-title":"Provide a model for the seismic damage Assessment to buried fuel pipelines in Kermanshah","volume":"13","author":"Omidvar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Model. 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