{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T08:26:28Z","timestamp":1777537588071,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,22]],"date-time":"2017-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1503360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61601201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61601201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20160188"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20160188"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20150160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20150160"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents a spatial-spectral method for hyperspectral image classification in the regularization framework of kernel sparse representation. First, two spatial-spectral constraint terms are appended to the sparse recovery model of kernel sparse representation. The first one is a graph-based spatially-smooth constraint which is utilized to describe the contextual information of hyperspectral images. The second one is a spatial location constraint, which is exploited to incorporate the prior knowledge of the location information of training pixels. Then, an efficient alternating direction method of multipliers is developed to solve the corresponding minimization problem. At last, the recovered sparse coefficient vectors are used to determine the labels of test pixels. Experimental results carried out on three real hyperspectral images point out the effectiveness of the proposed method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi6080258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,22]],"date-time":"2017-08-22T11:08:25Z","timestamp":1503400105000},"page":"258","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Spatial-Spectral Graph Regularized Kernel Sparse Representation for Hyperspectral Image Classification"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0778-9094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianjun","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Internet of Things Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Internet of Things Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yufeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinlong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Internet of Things Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1109\/79.974724","article-title":"Detection algorithms for hyperspectral imaging applications","volume":"19","author":"Manolakis","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. 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