{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T05:21:16Z","timestamp":1776835276323,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,8]],"date-time":"2017-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of the topographic normalization of remotely sensed imagery is to reduce reflectance variability caused by steep terrain and thus improve further processing of images. A process of topographic correction was applied to Landsat imagery in a mountainous forest area in the south of Mexico. The method used was the Sun Canopy Sensor + C correction (SCS + C) where the C parameter was differently determined according to a classification of the topographic slopes of the studied area in nine classes for each band, instead of using a single C parameter for each band. A comparative, visual, and numerical analysis of the normalized reflectance was performed based on the corrected images. The results showed that the correction by slope classification improves the elimination of the effect of shadows and relief, especially in steep slope areas, modifying the normalized reflectance values according to the combination of slope, aspect, and solar geometry, obtaining reflectance values more suitable than the correction by non-slope classification. The application of the proposed method can be generalized, improving its performance in forest mountainous areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi6090287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,8]],"date-time":"2017-09-08T11:34:52Z","timestamp":1504870492000},"page":"287","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Topographic Correction to Landsat Imagery through Slope Classification by Applying the SCS + C Method in Mountainous Forest Areas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1693-8303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ren\u00e9","family":"V\u00e1zquez-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cuerpo Acad\u00e9mico UAGro CA-93 Riesgos Naturales y Geotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Guerrero, Av\/L\u00e1zaro C\u00e1rdenas s\/n, CU, Chilpancingo 39070, Guerrero, Mexico"},{"name":"Departamento de Tecnolog\u00eda Qu\u00edmica y Energ\u00e9tica, Tecnolog\u00eda Qu\u00edmica y Ambiental y Tecnolog\u00eda Mec\u00e1nica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C\/Tulip\u00e1n s\/n, M\u00f3stoles 28933, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5700-2184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"Romero-Calcerrada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geography Group, Departamento de Ciencias de la Educaci\u00f3n, Lenguaje, Cultura y Artes, Ciencias Hist\u00f3rica-Jur\u00eddicas y Human\u00edsticas y Lenguas Modernas, Facultad de Ciencias Jur\u00eddicas y Sociales, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Paseo de los Artilleros s\/n, Vic\u00e1lvaro 28032, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6284-3263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"Ramos-Bernal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cuerpo Acad\u00e9mico UAGro CA-93 Riesgos Naturales y Geotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Guerrero, Av\/L\u00e1zaro C\u00e1rdenas s\/n, CU, Chilpancingo 39070, Guerrero, Mexico"},{"name":"Departamento de Tecnolog\u00eda Qu\u00edmica y Energ\u00e9tica, Tecnolog\u00eda Qu\u00edmica y Ambiental y Tecnolog\u00eda Mec\u00e1nica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C\/Tulip\u00e1n s\/n, M\u00f3stoles 28933, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Arrogante-Funes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Tecnolog\u00eda Qu\u00edmica y Energ\u00e9tica, Tecnolog\u00eda Qu\u00edmica y Ambiental y Tecnolog\u00eda Mec\u00e1nica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C\/Tulip\u00e1n s\/n, M\u00f3stoles 28933, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3501-7051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Novillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Tecnolog\u00eda Qu\u00edmica y Energ\u00e9tica, Tecnolog\u00eda Qu\u00edmica y Ambiental y Tecnolog\u00eda Mec\u00e1nica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C\/Tulip\u00e1n s\/n, M\u00f3stoles 28933, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-4257(89)90044-8","article-title":"Evaluation of topographic effects in remotely sensed data","volume":"30","author":"Proy","year":"1989","journal-title":"Remote Sens. 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