{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:15:39Z","timestamp":1760242539187,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,10]],"date-time":"2017-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, we showed that the multi-angle satellite remote sensing product, MISR L2 Land Surface (MIL2ASLS), which has a scale of 1.1 km, could be suitable for improving land-cover studies. Using seven images from this product, captured by the multi-angle imaging spectroradiometer sensor (MISR), we explored the values reached by the three parameters (\u03c10, \u0398, and k) of the Rahman\u2013Pinty\u2013Verstraete model, which was modified by Martonchick (MRPV). Thereafter, we compared the values and behaviors shown in seven Co-ordination of Information on the Environment (CORINE) land cover categories, in the red and near infrared (NIR) bands, over the seven MISR orbits captured in 2006 for Mainland Spain. Furthermore, we used Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), and Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FPAR) ancillary data and the illumination angles from the same pixels, which made up the images. These ancillary data were also provided by the MISR products. An inferential statistic test was performed to evaluate the relationship between each parameter\u2013band combination, and the land cover in every MISR orbit used. The results suggested that the \u03c10 parameters of this product seemed to be the most related to photosynthetic activity, and it should be comparable with the widely-used NDVI. On the other hand, the k and \u0398 parameter values were not related, or at least not entirely related, to the phenology of land coverage. These seemed to be more influenced by the anisotropy behavior of the studied land cover pixels. Additionally, we observed, by constructing analysis of variance, how the mean of each MRPV parameter\u2013band differed statistically (p &lt; 0.01) by land covers and orbits. This study suggested that the MISR MRPV model parameter data product has great potential to be used to improve land cover applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi6110353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,10]],"date-time":"2017-11-10T11:12:26Z","timestamp":1510312346000},"page":"353","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Relationship between MRPV Model Parameters from MISRL2 Land Surface Product and Land Covers: A Case Study within Mainland Spain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Patricia","family":"Arrogante-Funes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Tecnolog\u00eda Qu\u00edmica y Energ\u00e9tica, Tecnolog\u00eda Qu\u00edmica y Ambiental y Tecnolog\u00eda Mec\u00e1nica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C\/Tulip\u00e1n s\/n, 28933 M\u00f3stoles, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3501-7051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos J.","family":"Novillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Tecnolog\u00eda Qu\u00edmica y Energ\u00e9tica, Tecnolog\u00eda Qu\u00edmica y Ambiental y Tecnolog\u00eda Mec\u00e1nica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C\/Tulip\u00e1n s\/n, 28933 M\u00f3stoles, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5700-2184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"Romero-Calcerrada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geography Group, Departamento de Ciencias de la Educaci\u00f3n, Lenguaje, Cultura y Artes, Ciencias Hist\u00f3rica-Jur\u00eddicas y Human\u00edsticas y Lenguas Modernas, Facultad de Ciencias Jur\u00eddicas y Sociales, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Paseo de los Artilleros s\/n, 28032 Vic\u00e1lvaro, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1693-8303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ren\u00e9","family":"V\u00e1zquez-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Tecnolog\u00eda Qu\u00edmica y Energ\u00e9tica, Tecnolog\u00eda Qu\u00edmica y Ambiental y Tecnolog\u00eda Mec\u00e1nica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C\/Tulip\u00e1n s\/n, 28933 M\u00f3stoles, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Cuerpo Acad\u00e9mico UAGro CA-93 Riesgos Naturales y Geotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Guerrero, Av\/L\u00e1zaro C\u00e1rdenas s\/n, CU, Chilpancingo 39070, Guerrero, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6284-3263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roc\u00edo N.","family":"Ramos-Bernal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Tecnolog\u00eda Qu\u00edmica y Energ\u00e9tica, Tecnolog\u00eda Qu\u00edmica y Ambiental y Tecnolog\u00eda Mec\u00e1nica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C\/Tulip\u00e1n s\/n, 28933 M\u00f3stoles, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Cuerpo Acad\u00e9mico UAGro CA-93 Riesgos Naturales y Geotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Guerrero, Av\/L\u00e1zaro C\u00e1rdenas s\/n, CU, Chilpancingo 39070, Guerrero, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S247","DOI":"10.5589\/m08-042","article-title":"Relationship of MISR RPV parameters and MODIS BRDF shape indicators to surface vegetation patterns in an Australian Tropical Savanna","volume":"34","author":"Hill","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1017\/S1367943005001988","article-title":"Can landscape composition changes predict spatial and annual variation of little bustard male abundance?","volume":"8","author":"Morales","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anim. Conserv."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.14358\/PERS.74.11.1343","article-title":"Pixel-based Minnaert correction method for reducing topographic effects on a Landsat 7 ETM+ image","volume":"74","author":"Lu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2007.07.024","article-title":"Large area mapping of southwestern forest crown cover, canopy height, and biomass using the NASA Multi-angle Imaging Spectro-Radiometer","volume":"112","author":"Chopping","year":"2008","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2011.01.026","article-title":"Satellite Lidar vs. Small footprint airborne Lidar: Comparing the accuracy of aboveground biomass estimates and forest structure metrics at footprint level","volume":"115","author":"Popescu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2015.02.018","article-title":"Indirect and direct estimation of forest biomass change using forest inventory and airborne laser scanning data","volume":"164","author":"McRoberts","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, A., Dhakal, S., Glenn, N., Spaete, L., Shinneman, D., Pilliod, D., Arkle, R., and McIlroy, S. (2017). Lidar aboveground vegetation biomass estimates in shrublands: Prediction, uncertainties and application to coarser scales. Remote Sens., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9090903"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2015.05.008","article-title":"Urban tree damage estimation using airborne laser scanner data and geographic information systems: An example from 2007 Oklahoma ice storm","volume":"14","author":"Rahman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Urban For. Urban Green."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, S., Li, C., and Paterson, A. (2017). In-field high-throughput phenotyping of cotton plant height using Lidar. Remote Sens., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2018.00016"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2016.01.006","article-title":"Mapping and estimating forest area and aboveground biomass in miombo woodlands in Tanzania using data from airborne laser scanning, tandem-x, Rapideye, and global forest maps: A comparison of estimated precision","volume":"175","author":"Solberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2009.05.017","article-title":"Forest canopy height from the Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) assessed with high resolution discrete return Lidar","volume":"113","author":"Chopping","year":"2009","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2010.08.031","article-title":"Forest structure and aboveground biomass in the southwestern united states from MODIS and MISR","volume":"115","author":"Chopping","year":"2011","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160500353858","article-title":"Estimating aboveground tree biomass and leaf area index in a mountain birch forest using Aster Satellite data","volume":"27","author":"Heiskanen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Nicodemus, F.E., Richmond, J.C., Hsia, J.J., Ginsberg, I.W., and Limperis, T. (1992). Geometrical considerations and nomenclature for reflectance. Radiometry, Jones and Bartlett Publishers Inc."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2005.06.006","article-title":"The value of Multi-angle measurements for retrieving structurally and radiatively consistent properties of clouds, aerosols, and surfaces","volume":"97","author":"Diner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2002.801147","article-title":"Uniqueness of Multi-angular measurements. II. Joint retrieval of vegetation structure and photosynthetic activity from MISR uniqueness of multia-ngular measurements. II. Joint retrieval of vegetation structure and photosynthetic activity from MISR","volume":"40","author":"Gobron","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(01)00322-4","article-title":"Assessing the information content of multi-angle satellite data for mapping biomes: I. Statistical analysis","volume":"80","author":"Zhang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3623","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.5803","article-title":"Towards retrieval of forest cover density over snow from the Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR)","volume":"18","author":"Nolin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hydrol. Process."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2006.11.003","article-title":"Analysis of multi-date MISR measurements for forest and woodland communities, Queensland, Australia","volume":"107","author":"Armston","year":"2007","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2009.02.002","article-title":"Optimizing support vector machine learning for semi-arid vegetation mapping by using clustering analysis","volume":"64","author":"Su","year":"2009","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2010.01.012","article-title":"A comparison of multi-spectral, multi-angular, and multi-temporal remote sensing datasets for fractional shrub canopy mapping in arctic Alaska","volume":"114","author":"Selkowitz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20791","DOI":"10.1029\/93JD02072","article-title":"Coupled surface-atmosphere reflectance (CSAR) model 2. Semi-empirical surface model usable with NOAA advanced very high-resolution radiometer data","volume":"98","author":"Rahman","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0477(1999)080<2209:NDIEOS>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"New directions in earth observing: Scientific applications of multi-angle remote sensing","volume":"80","author":"Diner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Engelsen, O., Pinty, B., Verstraete, M.M., and Martonchik, J. (1996). Parametric Bidirectional Reflectance Factor Models: Evaluation, Improvements and Applications, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2006.05.021","article-title":"Application to MISRl and products of an RPV model inversion package using adjoint and hessian codes","volume":"107","author":"Lavergne","year":"2007","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2002.801148","article-title":"Uniqueness of Multi-angular measurements. I. An indicator of subpixel surface heterogeneity from MISR","volume":"40","author":"Pinty","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4639","DOI":"10.1029\/2001GL013490","article-title":"Characterization of surface heterogeneity detected at the MISR\/TERRA subpixel scale","volume":"28","author":"Widlowski","year":"2001","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1080\/014311600210461","article-title":"Estimating the stem carbon production of a coniferous forest using an ecosystem simulation model driven by the remotely sensed red edge","volume":"21","author":"Lucas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1109\/36.701077","article-title":"Determination of land and ocean reflective, radiative, and biophysical properties using multi-angle imaging","volume":"36","author":"Martonchik","year":"1998","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Schaaf, C., Strahler, A., Gao, F., Lucht, W., Jin, Y., Li, X., Zhang, X., Tsvetsinskaya, E., Muller, J.P., and Lewis, P. (2002, January 23\u201328). Global Albedo, BRDF and Nadir BRDF-Adjusted Reflectance Products from MODIS. Proceedings of the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), Toronto, ON, Canada."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"European Environment Agency (EEA) (2007). Clc2006 Technical Guidelines, EEA. Technical Report No 17\/2007."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1109\/36.700992","article-title":"Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) instrument description and experiment overview","volume":"36","author":"Diner","year":"1998","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kokhanovsky, A., de Leeuw, G., Martonchik, J., Kahn, R., and Diner, D. (2009). Retrieval of aerosol properties over land using MISR observations. Satellite Aerosol Remote Sensing over Land, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-69397-0"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martonchik, J.V., Kahn, R.A., and Diner, D.J. (2008). Retrieval of Aerosol Properties over Land Using MISR Observations, Satellite Aerosol Remote Sensing over Land.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-69397-0_9"},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Chuvieco, E. (2010). Teledetecci\u00f3n Ambiental: La Observaci\u00f3n de la Tierra Desde el Espacio, Ariel Ciencia."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Novillo, C.J. (2012). Aplicaciones de Inter\u00e9s Forestal de las Im\u00e1genes Obtenidas con el Sensor Multi-Angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR). [Ph.D. Thesis, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica]."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-004-3566-3","article-title":"Canopy structure parameters derived from multi-angular remote sensing data for terrestrial carbon studies","volume":"67","author":"Widlowski","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clim. Chang."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.3390\/rs1020092","article-title":"RPV model parameters based on hyperspectral bidirectional reflectance measurements of Fagus sylvaticaL. Leaves","volume":"1","author":"Biliouris","year":"2009","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"113","article-title":"Caracterizaci\u00f3n del funcionamiento de los ecosistemas ib\u00e9ricos mediante teledetecci\u00f3n","volume":"15","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ecosistemas"},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"D21205","article-title":"Synergy between 1-D and 3-D Radiation Transfer Models to retrieve vegetation canopy properties from remote sensing data","volume":"109","author":"Pinty","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Camacho-de Coca, F., Garc\u00eda-Haro, F.J., and Gilabert, M.A. (2002). Quantitative analysis of the anisotropy of BRDF of land crops using airborne polder data. Recent Advances in Quantitative Remote Sensing, Universidad de Valencia."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2664.2005.01124.x","article-title":"Application of a variance decomposition method to compare satellite and aerial inventory data: A tool for evaluating wildlife-habitat relationships","volume":"43","author":"Brown","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Appl. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2007.906157","article-title":"Impact of surface anisotropy on classification accuracy of selected vegetation classes: An evaluation using multidate multi-angular MISR data over parts of Madhya Pradesh, India","volume":"46","author":"Mahtab","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2006.05.023","article-title":"Support vector machines for recognition of semi-arid vegetation types using MISR multi-angle imagery","volume":"107","author":"Su","year":"2007","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."}],"container-title":["ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2220-9964\/6\/11\/353\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:49:01Z","timestamp":1760208541000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2220-9964\/6\/11\/353"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,10]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]}},"alternative-id":["ijgi6110353"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijgi6110353","relation":{},"ISSN":["2220-9964"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2220-9964"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,10]]}}}