{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T06:43:06Z","timestamp":1781332986191,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,9]],"date-time":"2018-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Three-dimensional geographic information systems (3D GIS) attempt to understand and express the real world from the perspective of 3D space. Currently, 3D GIS perspective carriers are mainly 2D and not 3D, which influences how 3D information is expressed and further affects the user cognition and understanding of 3D information. Using mixed reality as a carrier of 3D GIS is promising and may overcome problems when using 2D perspective carriers in 3D GIS. The objective of this paper is to propose an architecture and method to leverage the Microsoft HoloLens in 3D geographic information (Holo3DGIS). The architecture is designed according to three processes for developing holographic 3D GIS; the three processes are the creation of a 3D asset, the development of a Holo3DGIS application, and the compiler deployment of the Holo3DGIS application. Basic geographic data of Philadelphia were used to test the proposed methods and Holo3DGIS. The experimental results showed that the Holo3DGIS can leverage 3D geographic information with the Microsoft HoloLens. By changing the traditional 3D geographic information carrier from a 2D computer screen perspective to mixed reality glasses using the HoloLens 3D holographic perspective, it changed the traditional vision, body sense, and interaction modes, which enables GIS users to experience real 3D GIS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi7020060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,9]],"date-time":"2018-02-09T12:46:27Z","timestamp":1518180387000},"page":"60","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Holo3DGIS: Leveraging Microsoft HoloLens in 3D Geographic Information"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingxing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanchen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TianShui Sanhe Digital Surveying and Mapping Institute Co., Ltd., 1 Mingzhudong Road, Tianshui 741000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeqiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"87","article-title":"3DGIS-Based Multi-Agent Geosimulation and Visualization of Building Evacuation Using GAMA Platform","volume":"XL-2","author":"Macatulad","year":"2014","journal-title":"ISPRS Int. 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