{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T04:16:23Z","timestamp":1779250583126,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]],"date-time":"2018-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The 3D Tiles specification, created by Cesium, is designed for streaming massive heterogeneous three-dimensional (3D) geospatial datasets online using WebGL technology. The program has prevailed in the WebGIS community due to its ability to visualise, interact, and style 3D objects for various scenarios, such as 3D cities, indoor environments, and point clouds. It offers a new opportunity to integrate Building Information Models (BIM) in the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) data format with existing geospatial data in a 3D WebGIS platform with open-source implementation. As no open-source solution for converting IFC models into 3D Tiles for online visualization had yet been found, this paper explores feasible approaches and integrates a range of tools and libraries as an open-source solution for the community.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi7100393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]],"date-time":"2018-09-28T10:31:28Z","timestamp":1538130688000},"page":"393","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["From IFC to 3D Tiles: An Integrated Open-Source Solution for Visualising BIMs on Cesium"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Yiqun","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erfan","family":"Shooraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abbas","family":"Rajabifard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soheil","family":"Sabri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2018, February 04). 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Proceedings of the 3rd ISDE Digital Earth Summit, Nessebar, Bulgaria."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karimi, H.A., and Akinci, B. (2010). CAD and GIS Integration, CRC Press. [1st ed.].","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420068061"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El Meouche, R., Rezoug, M., and Hijazi, I. (2013, January 27\u201329). Integrating and managing BIM in GIS, software review. Proceedings of the ISPRS 8th 3DGeoInfo Conference & WG II\/2 Workshop, Istanbul, Turkey.","DOI":"10.5194\/isprsarchives-XL-2-W2-31-2013"},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Arroyo Ohori, K., Biljecki, F., Diakite, A., Krijnen, T., Ledoux, H., and Stoter, J. (2017, January 26\u201327). Towards an integration of gis and bim data: What are the geometric and topological issues?. 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Available online: https:\/\/github.com\/KhronosGroup\/glTF-WebGL-PBR."}],"container-title":["ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2220-9964\/7\/10\/393\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:23:05Z","timestamp":1760196185000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2220-9964\/7\/10\/393"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["ijgi7100393"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijgi7100393","relation":{},"ISSN":["2220-9964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2220-9964","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]]}}}