{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T07:20:57Z","timestamp":1774596057053,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]],"date-time":"2018-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41471384"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41471384"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Urban land use and transportation are closely associated. Previous studies have investigated the spatial interrelationship between street centralities and land use intensities using land cover data, thus neglecting the social functions of urban land. Taking the city of Shenzhen, China, as a case study, we used reclassified points of interest (POI) data to represent commercial, public service, and residential land, and then investigated the varying interrelationships between the street centralities and different types of urban land use intensities. We calculated three global centralities (\u201ccloseness\u201d, \u201cbetweenness\u201d, and \u201cstraightness\u201d) as well as local centralities (1-km, 2-km, 3-km, and 5-km searching radiuses), which were transformed into raster frameworks using kernel density estimation (KDE) for correlation analysis. Global closeness and straightness are high in the urban core area, and roads with high global betweenness outline the skeleton of the street network. The spatial patterns of the local centralities are distinguished from the global centralities, reflecting local location advantages. High intensities of commercial and public service land are concentrated in the urban core, while residential land is relatively scattered. The bivariate correlation analysis implies that commercial and public service land are more dependent on centralities than residential land. Closeness and straightness have stronger abilities in measuring the location advantages than betweenness. The centralities and intensities are more positively correlated on a larger scale (census block). These findings of the spatial patterns and interrelationships of the centralities and intensities have major implications for urban land use and transportation planning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi7110425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]],"date-time":"2018-10-31T11:55:41Z","timestamp":1540986941000},"page":"425","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Street Centralities and Land Use Intensities Based on Points of Interest (POI) in Shenzhen, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7388-5936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuai","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5731-5036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5863-1946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingsheng","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S1361-9209(99)00036-X","article-title":"Transportation-land-use interaction: Empirical findings in North America, and their implications for modeling","volume":"5","author":"Badoe","year":"2000","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part D"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2017.02.007","article-title":"Land use and transportation in China","volume":"52","author":"Cao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part D"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2014.03.005","article-title":"Assessing the accessibility impact of transport policy by a land-use and transport interaction model\u2014The case of Madrid","volume":"49","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comput. Environ. Urban Syst."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1080\/01944365908978307","article-title":"How accessibility shapes land use","volume":"25","author":"Hansen","year":"1959","journal-title":"J. Am. Inst. Plan."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sultana, S. (2016). Transportation and land use. International Encyclopedia of Geography, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118786352.wbieg0697"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2011.05.011","article-title":"Evaluating the impact of land use on travel behaviour: The environment versus accessibility","volume":"19","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Transp. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2229","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02374-7","article-title":"Morphology of travel routes and the organization of cities","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-2046(97)00067-4","article-title":"Approaches for the planning of rural road networks according to sustainable land use planning","volume":"39","author":"Jaarsma","year":"1997","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2016.12.012","article-title":"The economic value of streets: Mix-scale spatio-functional interaction and housing price patterns","volume":"79","author":"Shen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1177\/0042098009352362","article-title":"On the economic foundation of the urban network paradigm: Spatial integration, functional integration and economic complementarities within the Dutch Randstad","volume":"47","author":"Burger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Urban Stud."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi6100295","article-title":"Comparative analysis on topological structures of urban street networks","volume":"6","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2005.12.063","article-title":"The network analysis of urban streets: A dual approach","volume":"369","author":"Porta","year":"2006","journal-title":"Physica A"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1068\/b32045","article-title":"The network analysis of urban streets: A primal approach","volume":"33","author":"Porta","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Plan. B"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"036125","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.73.036125","article-title":"Centrality measures in spatial networks of urban streets","volume":"73","author":"Crucitti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlinear Soft Matter Phys."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"015113","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2150162","article-title":"Centrality in networks of urban streets","volume":"16","author":"Crucitti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chaos"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2010.01.004","article-title":"Street centrality and land use intensity in Baton rouge, Louisiana","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Transp. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1068\/b34098","article-title":"Street centrality and densities of retail and services in Bologna, Italy","volume":"36","author":"Porta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Plan. B"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1177\/0042098011422570","article-title":"Street centrality and the location of economic activities in Barcelona","volume":"49","author":"Porta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Urban Stud."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2014.05.005","article-title":"Location analysis of retail stores in Changchun, China: A street centrality perspective","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2014.893347","article-title":"Exploring the relationship between street centrality and land use in Stockholm","volume":"28","author":"Rui","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1068\/b39089","article-title":"On the spatiotemporal dynamics of the coupling between land use and road networks: Does political history matter?","volume":"42","author":"Chaudhuri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Plan. B"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2014.913794","article-title":"A new insight into land use classification based on aggregated mobile phone data","volume":"28","author":"Pei","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Geogr. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, M., Yue, Y., Li, Q., and Wang, D. (2016). Portraying temporal dynamics of urban spatial divisions with mobile phone positioning data: A complex network approach. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf., 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi5120240"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2018.04.050","article-title":"Urban land-use mapping using a deep convolutional neural network with high spatial resolution multispectral remote sensing imagery","volume":"214","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2016.1244608","article-title":"Sensing spatial distribution of urban land use by integrating points-of-interest and Google word2vec model","volume":"31","author":"Yao","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Geogr. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2014.12.001","article-title":"Mining point-of-interest data from social networks for urban land use classification and disaggregation","volume":"53","author":"Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comput. Environ. Urban Syst."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1177\/0265813515604767","article-title":"Automated identification and characterization of parcels with openstreetmap and points of interest","volume":"43","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Plan. B"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1111\/tgis.12289","article-title":"Extracting urban functional regions from points of interest and human activities on location-based social networks","volume":"21","author":"Gao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trans. GIS"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.03.013","article-title":"Urban function connectivity: Characterisation of functional urban streets with social media check-in data","volume":"55","author":"Shen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuan, J., Zheng, Y., and Xie, X. (2012, January 12\u201316). Discovering Regions of Different Functions in a City Using Human Mobility and POIs. Proceedings of the 18th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Beijing, China.","DOI":"10.1145\/2339530.2339561"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Gu, Y., Dou, M., and Qiao, M. (2018). Using spatial semantics and interactions to identify urban functional regions. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf., 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi7040130"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2016.1220561","article-title":"Measurements of POI-based mixed use and their relationships with neighbourhood vibrancy","volume":"31","author":"Yue","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Geogr. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Beruea of Statistics of Shenzhen (2018, October 20). Statistical Communique of Shenzhen on Economic and Social Development in 2016, (In Chinese)."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2452","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2017.1360494","article-title":"Simulating urban land-use changes at a large scale by integrating dynamic land parcel subdivision and vector-based cellular automata","volume":"31","author":"Yao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Geogr. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2017.1356464","article-title":"Coupling mobile phone and social media data: A new approach to understanding urban functions and diurnal patterns","volume":"31","author":"Tu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Geogr. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2008.80","article-title":"Openstreetmap: User-generated street maps","volume":"7","author":"Haklay","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Pervasive Comput."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1068\/b35097","article-title":"How good is volunteered geographical information? A comparative study of openstreetmap and ordnance survey datasets","volume":"37","author":"Haklay","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Plan. B"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2017.05.004","article-title":"Osmnx: New methods for acquiring, constructing, analyzing, and visualizing complex street networks","volume":"65","author":"Boeing","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput. Environ. Urban Syst."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grippa, T., Georganos, S., Zarougui, S., Bognounou, P., Diboulo, E., Forget, Y., Lennert, M., Vanhuysse, S., Mboga, N., and Wolff, E. (2018). Mapping urban land use at street block level using openstreetmap, remote sensing data, and spatial metrics. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf., 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi7070246"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hacar, M., K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, B., and \u015eahbaz, K. (2018). Analyzing openstreetmap road data and characterizing the behavior of contributors in Ankara, Turkey. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf., 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi7100400"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.3166\/rig.22.287-305","article-title":"Urban network analysis. A new toolbox for arcgis","volume":"22","author":"Sevtsuk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Revue Int. G\u00e9omat."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"819","article-title":"Street network analysis \u201cedge effects\u201d: Examining the sensitivity of centrality measures to boundary conditions","volume":"44","author":"Gil","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Plan. B"}],"container-title":["ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2220-9964\/7\/11\/425\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:27:11Z","timestamp":1760196431000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2220-9964\/7\/11\/425"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}},"alternative-id":["ijgi7110425"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijgi7110425","relation":{},"ISSN":["2220-9964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2220-9964","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]]}}}