{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T05:45:40Z","timestamp":1778219140160,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University","award":["Special Research Fund, No. 904090405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Special Research Fund, No. 904090405"]}]},{"name":"Masaryk University, Czech Republic","award":["MUNI\/M\/0846\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MUNI\/M\/0846\/2015"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic","award":["Grant No. LTACH-17002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No. LTACH-17002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper deals with the issue of the perceptual aspects of selected graphic variables (specifically shape and size) and map background in cartographic visualization. The continued experimental study is based on previous findings and the presupposed cross-cultural universality of shape and size as a graphic variable. The results bring a new perspective on the usage of shape, size and presence\/absence of background as graphic variables, as well as a comparison to previous studies. The results suggest that all examined variables influence the speed of processing. Respondents (Czech and Chinese, N = 69) identified target stimuli faster without a map background, with larger stimuli, and with triangular and circular shapes. Czech respondents were universally faster than Chinese respondents. The implications of our research were discussed, and further directions were outlined.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi7110427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T11:31:47Z","timestamp":1541071907000},"page":"427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Effect of Size, Shape and Map Background in Cartographic Visualization: Experimental Study on Czech and Chinese Populations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1807-1459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zden\u011bk","family":"Stacho\u0148","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6319-5317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u010cen\u011bk","family":"\u0160a\u0161inka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Information and Library Studies and HUME Lab, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2543-5532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji\u0159\u00ed","family":"\u010cen\u011bk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Studies, Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8622-0121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephan","family":"Angs\u00fcsser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geographic Information Science and Cartography, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4613-1068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petr","family":"Kub\u00ed\u010dek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zbyn\u011bk","family":"\u0160t\u011brba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Bil\u00edkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"770","article-title":"Disaster management in practice\u2014Concerning 5th ICC&GIS flood and evacuation of 92 participants","volume":"Volume 2","author":"Bandrova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Cartography & GIS"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9671.2007.01063.x","article-title":"Comparison of Techniques for Visualising Fire Behaviour","volume":"11","author":"Black","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trans. 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