{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T07:26:14Z","timestamp":1772177174148,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,30]],"date-time":"2019-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008383","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Verkehr und Digitale Infrastruktur","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19F2014A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19F2014A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Wildlife\u2013vehicle collisions (WVCs) cause significant road mortality of wildlife and have led to the installation of protective measures along streets. Until now, it has been difficult to determine the impact of roadside infrastructure that might act as a barrier for animals. The main deficits are the lack of geodata for roadside infrastructure and georeferenced accidents recorded for a larger area. We analyzed 113 km of road network of the district Freyung-Grafenau, Germany, and 1571 WVCs, examining correlations between the appearance of WVCs, the presence or absence of roadside infrastructure, particularly crash barriers and fences, and the relevance of the blocking effect for individual species. To receive infrastructure data on a larger scale, we analyzed 5596 road inspection images with a neural network for barrier recognition and a GIS for a complete spatial inventory. This data was combined with the data of WVCs in GIS to evaluate the infrastructure\u2019s impact on accidents. The results show that crash barriers have an effect on WVCs, as collisions are lower on roads with crash barriers. In particular, smaller animals have a lower collision share. The risk reduction at fenced sections could not be proven as fenced sections are only available at 3% of the analyzed roads. Thus, especially the fence dataset must be validated by a larger sample number. However, these preliminary results indicate that the combination of artificial intelligence and GIS may be used to analyze and better allocate protective barriers or to apply it in alternative measures, such as dynamic WVC risk-warning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi8020066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,30]],"date-time":"2019-01-30T10:58:27Z","timestamp":1548845907000},"page":"66","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Do Crash Barriers and Fences Have an Impact on Wildlife\u2013Vehicle Collisions?\u2014An Artificial Intelligence and GIS-Based Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1746-1906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raphaela","family":"Pagany","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Applied Informatics, Technologie Campus Freyung, Deggendorf Institute of Technology, Grafenauer Stra\u00dfe 22, 94078 Freyung, Germany"},{"name":"Interfaculty Department of Geoinformatics Z_GIS, University of Salzburg, Schillerstra\u00dfe 50, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3324-2316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Dorner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Applied Informatics, Technologie Campus Freyung, Deggendorf Institute of Technology, Grafenauer Stra\u00dfe 22, 94078 Freyung, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2664.2005.01013.x","article-title":"Predicting locations of moose-vehicle collisions in Sweden","volume":"42","author":"Seiler","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. 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