{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T14:02:48Z","timestamp":1768744968865,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 41531178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 41531178"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004000","name":"Guangzhou Science and Technology Program Key Projects","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 201804020016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 201804020016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004000","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 2014A030312010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2014A030312010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Immigrants and natives are generally comparable in committing violent crimes in many Western cities. However, little is known about spatial differences between internal migrant offenders and native offenders in committing violence in contemporary urban China. To address this gap, this research aims to explore spatial variation in violent crimes committed by migrant and native offenders, and examine different effects of ambient population, crime attractors, crime generators, and offender anchor points on these crimes. Offender data, mobile phone data, and points-of-interest (POI) data are combined to explain the crime patterns of these offenders who committed offenses and were arrested from 2012 to 2016 in a large Chinese city by using box maps and negative binomial regression models. It is demonstrated that migrant and native violent crimes vary enormously across space. Ambient population is only positively related to migrant violent crimes. Crime attractors and generators have more significant and stronger correlations with migrant violent crimes, while offender anchor points have a stronger association with native violent crimes. The results reveal that migrant offenders tend to be attracted by larger amounts of people and more affected by crime attractors and generators than native offenders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi8030119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,4]],"date-time":"2019-03-04T05:45:36Z","timestamp":1551678336000},"page":"119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["An Examination of Spatial Differences between Migrant and Native Offenders in Committing Violent Crimes in a Large Chinese City"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8066-117X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Integrated Geographic Information Analysis, School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7202-3418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geographical Sciences, Center of GeoInformatics for Public Security, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"Department of Geography, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0131, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8623-8586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongping","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geographical Sciences, Center of GeoInformatics for Public Security, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Integrated Geographic Information Analysis, School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-013-0045-z","article-title":"Comparing patterns and predictors of immigrant offending among a sample of adjudicated youth","volume":"43","author":"Bersani","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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