{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T12:16:58Z","timestamp":1766492218458,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,10]],"date-time":"2019-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Program for Tay Bac, VNU Hanoi, Viet Nam","award":["KHCN-TB.13C\/13 -18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KHCN-TB.13C\/13 -18"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The early-warning model for flash floods is based on a hydrological and geomorphological concept connected to the river basin, with the principle that flash floods will only occur where there is a high potential risk and when rainfall exceeds the threshold. In the model used to build flash-floods risk maps, the parameters of the basin are analyzed and evaluated and the weight is determined using Thomas Saaty\u2019s analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The flash-floods early-warning software is built using open source programming tools. With the spatial module and online processing, a predicted precipitation of one to six days in advance for iMETOS (AgriMedia\u2014Vietnam) automatic meteorological stations is interpolated and then processed with the potential risk maps (iMETOS is a weather-environment monitoring system comprising a wide range of equipment and an online platform and can be used in various fields such as agriculture, tourism and services). The results determine the locations of flash floods at several risk levels corresponding to the predicted rainfall values at the meteorological stations. The system was constructed and applied to flash floods disaster early warning for Thuan Chau in Son La province when the rainfall exceeded the 150 mm\/d threshold. The system initially supported positive decision-making to prevent and minimize damage caused by flash floods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi8050228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]],"date-time":"2019-05-13T03:57:07Z","timestamp":1557719827000},"page":"228","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A Robust Early Warning System for Preventing Flash Floods in Mountainous Area in Vietnam"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1869-7726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thanh Van","family":"Hoang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Geographic Information Systems Research Center, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tien Yin","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geographic Information Systems Research Center, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ngoc Thach","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VNU, University of Science, Faculty of Geography, No 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi City 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yao Min","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geographic Information Systems Research Center, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mei Ling","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geographic Information Systems Research Center, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Quoc Huy","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD Program of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, College of Construction and Development, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuan Linh","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD Program of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, College of Construction and Development, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1698","article-title":"Flood early warning with integration of hydrologic and hydraulic models, RS and GIS (Case Study: Madarsoo Basin, Iran)","volume":"6","author":"Matkan","year":"2009","journal-title":"World Appl. 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