{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T05:39:15Z","timestamp":1777527555000,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]],"date-time":"2019-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Program of National Social Science Foundation of China","award":["14ZDA039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14ZDA039"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>China\u2019s rapid urbanization and industrialization have continually placed massive pressure on the country\u2019s natural resources. The fragmented departmental administration of natural resources also intensifies the problem of sustainable use. Accordingly, China\u2019s central government has launched natural resource administration reform from decentralization to unification. This study systematically analyzes the reform requirements from legal, organizational, and technical aspects. The right structure of China\u2019s natural resource assets for fulfilling such requirements is examined in this work through a review of relevant legal text, and such a right structure is converted into a draft national technical standard of China\u2019s natural resource administration on the basis of the land administration domain model (LADM). Results show that China\u2019s natural resource administration covers lands, buildings, structures, forests, grasslands, waters, beaches, sea areas, minerals, and other fields. The types of private rights over natural resources include ownerships, land-contracted management rights (cultivated land, forest land, grassland, and water area), rights to use construction land (state-owned and collective-owned), rights to use agricultural land, rights to use homestead land, breeding rights on water areas and beaches, rights to use sea areas, rights to use uninhabited islands, and mining rights. The types of public rights over natural resources include comprehensive land use, urban and rural, sea use, and territory space planning. Furthermore, various types of these property rights can be converted into corresponding classes in LADM on the basis of the analysis of the property subject, object, and rights.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi8100456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]],"date-time":"2019-10-14T12:14:05Z","timestamp":1571055245000},"page":"456","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["LADM-Based Model for Natural Resource Administration in China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Zhongguo","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Land Administration, School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Land Academy for National Development, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3626-1002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuefei","family":"Zhuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Land Administration, School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Land Academy for National Development, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Land Administration, School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Department of Foreign Affairs, China Land Surveying and Planning Institute, No.37 West Guanyingyuan District, Beijing 100035, China"}]},{"given":"Cifang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Land Administration, School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Land Academy for National Development, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China"}]},{"given":"Yuzhe","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Land Administration, School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Land Academy for National Development, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4196-0051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Land Academy for National Development, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China"},{"name":"Law School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Cai, Y. 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