{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T18:13:05Z","timestamp":1783447985382,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,13]],"date-time":"2019-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN-2018-03775"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2018-03775"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents a novel approach for automatic, preliminary detection of damage in concrete structures using ground-based terrestrial laser scanners. The method is based on computation of defect-sensitive features such as the surface curvature, since the surface roughness changes strongly if an area is affected by damage. A robust version of principal component analysis (PCA) classification is proposed to distinguish between structural damage and outliers present in the laser scanning data. Numerical simulations were conducted to develop a systematic point-wise defect classifier that automatically diagnoses the location of superficial damage on the investigated region. The method provides a complete picture of the surface health of concrete structures. It has been tested on two real datasets: a concrete heritage aqueduct in Brooks, Alberta, Canada; and a civil pedestrian concrete structure. The experiment results demonstrate the validity and accuracy of the proposed systematic framework for detecting and localizing areas of damage as small as 1 cm or less.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi8120585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,13]],"date-time":"2019-12-13T11:27:22Z","timestamp":1576236442000},"page":"585","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Concrete Preliminary Damage Inspection by Classification of Terrestrial Laser Scanner Point Clouds through Systematic Threshold Definition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1900-5413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahra","family":"Hadavandsiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Geomatics Engineering Department, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7038-073X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Derek D.","family":"Lichti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geomatics Engineering Department, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Jahraus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geomatics Engineering Department, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Jarron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geomatics Engineering Department, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Kumar Mehta, P., and Monteiro, P.J.M. 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