{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T02:43:34Z","timestamp":1780541014496,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,13]],"date-time":"2019-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Landscape metrics constitute one of the main tools for the study of the changes of the landscape and of the ecological structure of a region. The most popular software for landscape metrics evaluation is FRAGSTATS, which is free to use but does not have free or open source software (FOSS). Therefore, FOSS implementations, such as QGIS\u2019s LecoS plugin and GRASS\u2019 r.li modules suite, were developed. While metrics are defined in the same way, the \u201ccell neighborhood\u201d parameter, specifying the configuration of the moving window used for the analysis, is managed differently: FRAGSTATS can use values of 4 or 8 (8 is default), LecoS uses 8 and r.li 4. Tests were performed to evaluate the landscape metrics variability depending on the \u201ccell neighborhood\u201d values: some metrics, such as \u201cedge density\u201d and \u201clandscape shape index\u201d, do not change, other, for example \u201cpatch number\u201d, \u201cpatch density\u201d, and \u201cmean patch area\u201d, vary up to 100% for real maps and 500% for maps built to highlight this variation. A review of the scientific literature was carried out to check how often the value of the \u201ccell neighborhood\u201d parameter is explicitly declared. A method based on the \u201caggregation index\u201d is proposed to estimate the effect of the uncertainty on the \u201ccell neighborhood\u201d parameter on landscape metrics for different maps.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi8120586","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,13]],"date-time":"2019-12-13T11:27:22Z","timestamp":1576236442000},"page":"586","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Relevance of the Cell Neighborhood Size in Landscape Metrics Evaluation and Free or Open Source Software Implementations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3095-0472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Zatelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9267-1108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Gobbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy"},{"name":"Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all\u2019Adige (TN), Italy"},{"name":"The EFI Project Centre on Mountain Forests (MOUNTFOR), Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all\u2019Adige (TN), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1555-5669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara","family":"Tattoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine, 18, 50144 Firenze, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7104-5930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Giulia","family":"Cantiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7080-3349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"La Porta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all\u2019Adige (TN), Italy"},{"name":"The EFI Project Centre on Mountain Forests (MOUNTFOR), Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all\u2019Adige (TN), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0087-0594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duccio","family":"Rocchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C3A, Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all\u2019Adige (TN), Italy"},{"name":"Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive, 9, 38123 Povo (TN), Italy"},{"name":"Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all\u2019Adige (TN), Italy"},{"name":"Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Applied Geoinformatics and Spatial Planning, Kam\u00fdck\u00e1 129, 16500 Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Zorzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8370-9039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Ciolli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy"},{"name":"C3A, Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. 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