{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:51:45Z","timestamp":1768783905214,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,15]],"date-time":"2020-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016YFC1402000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC1402000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41706114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41706114"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>For improved prevention and reduction of marine disasters, China\u2019s marine authorities and emergency response agencies require a solution that provides risk assessment, early warning, and decision-making support. This paper proposes a comprehensive approach to disaster assessment that involves automated long-term operation, a spatial information visualization method and systematic integration. The proposed approach provides functions for numerical ocean models with forecast results, automated processing of massive data, multiple disaster\/element coupled assessment, and multidimensional display and expression. With regard to storm surge disasters, the approach proposed in this paper adopts a four-tier structure and the functions of each tier are described separately. The original data are comprised of a combination of statistical analysis data and real-time data obtained from the unstructured grid Finite Volume Community Ocean Model. Automated data processing methods and assessment theories incorporating an indicator system and weighted parameters are used for the assessment. By applying 2D\/3D visualization technology, assessment results are displayed via several modes for ease of operation and comprehension. The validity of the approach was verified by applying it to Typhoon Hato (No. 1713). Compared with the results of the post-disaster investigation, the assessment results of the proposed approach proved the reliability of the system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi9010051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,17]],"date-time":"2020-01-17T04:14:41Z","timestamp":1579234481000},"page":"51","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Integrated Visualization Approach for Real-Time and Dynamic Assessment of Storm Surge Disasters for China\u2019s Seas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Lin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"},{"name":"The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aero-Space-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology, Qingdao 266061, China"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North China Sea Marine Forecasting Center of State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Environment and Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Qingdao 266061, China"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aero-Space-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology, Qingdao 266061, China"}]},{"given":"Xinfang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aero-Space-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology, Qingdao 266061, China"}]},{"given":"Yaru","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North China Sea Marine Forecasting Center of State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Environment and Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Qingdao 266061, China"}]},{"given":"Tianyun","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aero-Space-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology, Qingdao 266061, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5863-1946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingsheng","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-015-1838-z","article-title":"Spatial\u2013temporal distribution of storm surge damage in the coastal areas of China","volume":"79","author":"Shi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. 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