{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:45:38Z","timestamp":1760237138305,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,6]],"date-time":"2020-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["9192022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9192022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Basic Scientific Research Project","award":["2018JKF228"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018JKF228"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\u201cStrike Hard\u201d is an enhanced law-enforcement strategy in China that aims to suppress crime, but measurement of the crime-reducing effect and potential changes in the spatiotemporal concentration of crime associated with \u201cStrike Hard\u201d remain unknown. This paper seeks to examine the impact, if any, of \u201cStrike Hard\u201d on the spatiotemporal clustering of burglary incidents. Two and half years of residential burglary incidents from Chaoyang, Beijing are used to examine repeat and near-repeat burglary incidents before, during, and after the \u201cStrike Hard\u201d intervention and a new technique that enables the comparison of repeat and near repeat patterns across different temporal periods is introduced to achieve this. The results demonstrate the intervention disrupted the repeat pattern during the \u201cStrike Hard\u201d period reducing the observed ratio of single-day repeat burglaries by 155%; however, these same single-day repeat burglary events increased by 41% after the cessation of the intervention. Findings with respect to near repeats are less remarkable with nominal evidence to support that the intervention produced a significant decrease, but coupled with other results, suggest that spatiotemporal displacement may have been an undesired by-product of \u201cStrike Hard\u201d. This study from a non-Western setting provides further evidence of the generalizability of findings related to repeat and near repeat patterns of burglary and further highlights the limited preventative effect that the \u201cStrike Hard\u201d enhanced law enforcement campaign had on burglary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi9030150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,6]],"date-time":"2020-03-06T09:26:41Z","timestamp":1583486801000},"page":"150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Impact of \u201cStrike Hard\u201d on Repeat and Near-Repeat Residential Burglary in Beijing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Peng","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Police Information Engineering and Cyber Security, People\u2019s Public Security University of China, Beijing 100038, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9546-4307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justin","family":"Kurland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Criminal Justice, Forensic Sciences, and Security, National Center for Spectator Sports Safety and Security, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive #5193, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1177\/0022427810397946","article-title":"Patterns of Near-Repeat Gun Assaults in Houston","volume":"49","author":"Wells","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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