{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T19:11:27Z","timestamp":1775329887836,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,27]],"date-time":"2020-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003621","name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019R1I1A1A01062202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019R1I1A1A01062202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Monitoring the dynamic behavior of shorelines is an essential factor for integrated coastal management (ICM). In this study, satellite-derived shorelines and corresponding eroded and accreted areas of coastal zones have been calculated and assessed for 15 km along the coasts of Ezbet Elborg, Nile Delta, Egypt. A developed approach is designed based on Landsat satellite images combined with GIS to estimate an accurate shoreline changes and study the effect of seawalls on it. Landsat images for the period from 1985 to 2018 are rectified and classified using Supported Vector Machines (SVMs) and then processed using ArcGIS to estimate the effectiveness of the seawall that was constructed in year 2000. Accuracy assessment results show that the SVMs improve images accuracy up to 92.62% and the detected shoreline by the proposed method is highly correlated (0.87) with RTK-GPS measurements. In addition, the shoreline change analysis presents that a dramatic erosion of 2.1 km2 east of Ezbet Elborg seawall has occurred. Also, the total accretion areas are equal to 4.40 km2 and 10.50 km2 in between 1985-and-2000 and 2000-and-2018, respectively, along the southeast side of the study area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi9040199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,31]],"date-time":"2020-03-31T13:27:19Z","timestamp":1585661239000},"page":"199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["An Approach Based on Landsat Images for Shoreline Monitoring to Support Integrated Coastal Management\u2014A Case Study, Ezbet Elborg, Nile Delta, Egypt"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Mohamed T.","family":"Elnabwy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Structural Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"},{"name":"Coastal Research Institute (CORI), National Water Research Center, Alexandria 21415, Egypt"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6568-3522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emad","family":"Elbeltagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Structural Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud M.","family":"El Banna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coastal Research Institute (CORI), National Water Research Center, Alexandria 21415, Egypt"}]},{"given":"Mohamed M.Y.","family":"Elshikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Structural Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Motawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Structural Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8449-8883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mosbeh R.","family":"Kaloop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Works Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Three Most Widely Used GNSS-Based Shoreline Monitoring Methods to Support Integrated Coastal Zone Management Policies","volume":"143","author":"Goncalves","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surv. 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