{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T20:16:24Z","timestamp":1772828184481,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]],"date-time":"2020-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The death of George Floyd has brought a new wave of 2020 Black Lives Matter (BLM) protests into U.S. cities. Protests happened in a few cities accompanied by reports of violence over the first few days. The protests appear to be related to rising crime. This study uses newly collected crime data in 50 U.S. cities\/counties to explore the spatiotemporal crime changes under BLM protests and to estimate the driving factors of burglary induced by the BLM protest. Four spatial and statistic models were used, including the Average Nearest Neighbor (ANN), Hotspot Analysis, Least Absolute Shrinkage, and Selection Operator (LASSO), and Binary Logistic Regression. The results show that (1) crime, especially burglary, has risen sharply in a few cities\/counties, yet heterogeneity exists across cities\/counties; (2) the volume and spatial distribution of certain crime types changed under BLM protest, the activity of burglary clustered in certain regions during protests period; (3) education, race, demographic, and crime rate in 2019 are related with burglary changes during BLM protests. The findings from this study can provide valuable information for ensuring the capabilities of the police and governmental agencies to deal with the evolving crisis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi9110640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]],"date-time":"2020-10-27T09:22:45Z","timestamp":1603790565000},"page":"640","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Spatiotemporal Patterns and Driving Factors on Crime Changing During Black Lives Matter Protests"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Zhiran","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"},{"name":"NSF Spatiotemporal Innovation Center, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA"},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing 100830, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3205-8464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dexuan","family":"Sha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NSF Spatiotemporal Innovation Center, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA"},{"name":"Department of Geography and GeoInformation Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beidi","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Criminology, Law and Society, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0279-4719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiyang","family":"Ruan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and GeoInformation Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agen","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing 100830, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3205-8464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NSF Spatiotemporal Innovation Center, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA"},{"name":"Department of Geography and GeoInformation Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiping","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing 100830, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7768-4066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaowei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NSF Spatiotemporal Innovation Center, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA"},{"name":"Department of Geography and GeoInformation Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giq.2013.02.001","article-title":"Spatiotemporal crime analysis in U.S. law enforcement agencies: Current practices and unmet needs","volume":"30","author":"Roth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gov. 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